Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Form	Price
M01BX	DORIXINA B1B6B12	B	Lysine clonixinate - 125mg, Vitamin B1 - 50mg, Vitamin B6 - 30mg, Vitamin B12 - 50mcg	Tablet, film coated	804,962 L.L
A02BC	DANLOX QUICK	G	Omeprazole - 20mg, Sodium bicarbonate - 1680mg	Powder	1,323,685 L.L
N06CA02	DEANXIT	B	Flupentixol (dihydrochloride) - 0.5mg, Melitracen (HCl) - 10mg	Tablet, film coated	1,372,063 L.L
S01ED51	DORZOLAMIDE/TIMOLOL BGR	G	Timolol maleate - 5mg/ml, Dorzolamide HCl - 20mg/ml	Drops solution	689,391 L.L
B05CX01	DEXTROSE INJECTION 5%	G	Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml	Injectable solution	212,797 L.L
S01ED51	DORZOPTIC PLUS	G	Timolol - 0.5%, Dorzolamide HCl - 2%	Drops solution	548,288 L.L
D10AF51	DUAC ONCE DAILY	B	Clindamycin (phosphate) - 1%, Benzoyl peroxide - 5%	Gel	1,658,302 L.L
G04CA52	DUTAMSUVITAE	G	Tamsulosin HCl - 0.4mg, Dutasteride - 0.5mg	Capsule, hard	2,168,962 L.L
G04CA52	DUTASTERIDE/TAMSULOSINE ARROW	G	Tamsulosin HCl - 0.4mg, Dutasteride - 0.5mg	Capsule	1,337,123 L.L
S01ED51	DUOTRAV	B	Timolol (maleate) - 5mg, Travoprost - 40mcg	Drops solution	1,933,789 L.L
C05BX51	DOXIPROCT	B	Calcium dobesilate - 4%, Lidocaine HCl - 2%	Ointment	610,104 L.L
C05BX51	DOXIPROCT PLUS	B	Calcium dobesilate - 4%, Dexamethasone acetate - 0.0025%, Lidocaine HCl - 2%	Ointment	489,159 L.L
N02BE51	DIFEN GESIC	G	Paracetamol - 400mg, Diclofenac potassium - 50mg	Tablet, film coated	330,585 L.L
N02BE51	DOLFEIN	G	Paracetamol - 400mg, Caffeine - 50mg, Codeine phosphate hemihydrate - 20mg	Tablet	249,571 L.L
C05CA53	DAFLON	B	Hesperidin - 50mg, Diosmin - 450mg	Tablet, film coated	627,574 L.L
C05CA53	DAFLON	B	Hesperidin - 50mg, Diosmin - 450mg	Tablet, film coated	1,191,988 L.L
C05CA53	DAFLON	B	Hesperidin - 100mg, Diosmin - 900mg	Tablet, film coated	1,256,493 L.L
M03BA53	DISTEM	G	Paracetamol - 300mg, Methocarbamol - 380mg	Tablet	978,317 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 1.36% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 13.6g/l	Injectable solution	1,150,329 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 2.27% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.7g/l	Injectable solution	1,163,270 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 2.27% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.7g/l	Injectable solution	1,150,329 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 3.86% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 38.6g/l	Injectable solution	1,111,506 L.L
B05DB	DIANEAL PD4 CYCLER 3.86% GLUCOSE	B	Sodium lactate - 4.48g/l, Magnesium chloride - 0.051g/l, Calcium chloride - 0.184g/l, Sodium chloride - 5.38g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 38.6g/l	Injectable solution	1,150,329 L.L
M03BX	DORIXINA RELAX	B	Lysine clonixinate - 125mg, Cyclobenzaprine HCl - 5mg	Tablet, film coated	581,884 L.L
H02AB01	DIPROFOS	B	Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 5mg/ml, Betamethasone (sodium phosphate) - 2mg/ml	Injectable suspension	446,156 L.L
B03BA51	DEPOVEX	B	Aluminium monostearate - 20mg/ml, Cyanocobalamine - 1mg/ml	Injectable oily suspension	423,310 L.L
V01AA	DIATER	B	Allergen extracts -	Spray	26,856,672 L.L
R05CB10	DILAMUC	G	Dried Ivy leaf extract - 170mg/100ml, Glycyrrhizic acid (Glycyrrhiza Glabra, Liquorice root) - 164mg/100ml, Thyme - 760mg/100ml	Syrup	456,906 L.L
V01AA	DIATER	B	Allergen extracts -	Spray	34,962,083 L.L
V01AA	DIATER	B	Allergen extracts -	Spray	35,697,531 L.L