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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05BB01 SOLUFLEX LACTATED RINGER'S INJECTION, USP G Sodium lactate - 3.1g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.2g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 6g/l Injectable solution 264,311 L.L
B05BB01 SERUFLEX RINGER'S INJECTION, USP G Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.33g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 8.6g/l Injectable solution 204,554 L.L
B05BB01 SOLUFLEX RINGER'S INJECTION, USP G Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.33g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 8.6g/l Injectable solution 221,792 L.L
B05BB02 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 194,211 L.L
B05BB02 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 180,421 L.L
B05BB02 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 222,941 L.L
B05BB02 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 158,587 L.L
B05BB02 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 193,062 L.L
B05BB02 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 180,421 L.L
B05BB02 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 236,731 L.L
B05BB02 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 211,449 L.L
B05BC01 SERUFLEX MANNITOL 20% INJECTION, USP G Mannitol - 20g/100ml 20g/100ml Injectable solution 402,213 L.L
B05BC01 SOLUFLEX MANNITOL 20% INJECTION, USP G Mannitol - 20g/100ml 20g/100ml Injectable solution 603,320 L.L
B05CX01 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 171,228 L.L
B05CX01 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 158,587 L.L
B05CX01 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 171,228 L.L
B05CX01 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 193,062 L.L
B05CX01 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 186,167 L.L
B05CX01 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 186,167 L.L
B05CX01 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 205,703 L.L
B05CX01 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 221,792 L.L
B05XA02 SODIUM BICARBONATE G Sodium bicarbonate - 4.2g/100ml 4.2g/100ml Injectable solution 742,370 L.L
B05XA02 SODIUM BICARBONATE G Sodium bicarbonate - 8.4g/100ml 8.4% Injectable solution 959,565 L.L
B05XA02 SODIUM BICARBONATE G Sodium bicarbonate - 1.4g/100ml 1.4g/100ml Injectable solution 258,887 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 156,288 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 165,482 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 176,974 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 163,184 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 156,288 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 4,143,943 L.L
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