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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
R03AK07 SYMBICORT B Formoterol fumarate dihydrate - 9mcg/Inhalation, Budesonide - 320mcg/Inhalation Inhalation powder 3,378,420 L.L
B05CX01 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 171,228 L.L
B05CX01 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 171,228 L.L
B05CX01 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 158,587 L.L
B05CX01 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 193,062 L.L
B05CX01 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 186,167 L.L
B05CX01 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 186,167 L.L
B05CX01 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 205,703 L.L
B05CX01 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 221,792 L.L
B05CX01 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 268,908 L.L
B05BA10 SMOFKABIVEN PERIPHERAL G Glucose monohydrate - 143mg, Soya-bean oil, refined - 60mg, Triglycerides, Medium Chain - 60mg, Olive oil, refined - 50mg, Fish oil, rich in omega-3-acids - 30mg, Alanine - 14mg, Arginine - 12mg, Proline - 11.2mg, Glycine - 11mg, Lysine acetate - 9.3mg, Leucine - 7.4mg, Serine - 6.5mg, Valine - 6.2mg, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 5.62mg, Phenylalanine - 5.1mg, Isoleucine - 5mg, Potassium chloride - 4.48mg, Threonine - 4.4mg, Methionine - 4.3mg, Sodium glycerophosphate, anhydrous - 4.18mg, Histidine - 3mg, Magnesium sulfate, 7H2O - 2.47mg, Tryptophan - 2mg, Taurine - 1mg, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.74mg, Tyrosine - 0.40mg, Zinc sulfate heptahydrate - 23mcg Injectable emulsion 4,571,752 L.L
B05BA10 SMOFKABIVEN G Glucose monohydrate - 462mg, Soya-bean oil, refined - 60mg, Triglycerides, Medium Chain - 60mg, Olive oil, refined - 50mg, Fish oil, rich in omega-3-acids - 30mg, Alanine - 14mg, Arginine - 12mg, Proline - 11.2mg, Glycine - 11mg, Lysine acetate - 9.3mg, Leucine - 7.4mg, Serine - 6.5mg, Valine - 6.2mg, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 5.62mg, Phenylalanine - 5.1mg, Isoleucine - 5mg, Potassium chloride - 4.48mg, Threonine - 4.4mg, Methionine - 4.3mg, Sodium glycerophosphate, anhydrous - 4.18mg, Histidine - 3mg, Magnesium sulfate, 7H2O - 2.47mg, Tryptophan - 2mg, Taurine - 1mg, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.74mg, Tyrosine - 0.40mg, Zinc sulfate heptahydrate - 23mcg Injectable emulsion 3,835,326 L.L
A06AX01 SUPPOSITOIRE GLYCERINE ENFANT G Glycerol Stearate USP - Suppository 179,179 L.L
A06AX01 SUPPOSITOIRE GLYCERINE ENFANT G Glycerol Stearate USP - Suppository 179,179 L.L
A06AX01 SUPPOSITOIRE GLYCERINE ADULTE G Glycerol Stearate USP - Suppository 179,179 L.L
R03BB06 SEEBRI BREEZHALER B Glycopyronium Bromide - 50mcg 50mcg Capsule, inhalation 2,687,685 L.L
L04AB06 SIMPONI BioTech Golimumab - 100mg/1ml 100mg/1ml Injectable solution 72,719,241 L.L
L04AB06 SIMPONI BioTech Golimumab - 50mg/0.5ml 50mg/0.5ml Injectable solution 72,719,241 L.L
A04AA02 SANCUSO G Granisetron - 3.1mg/24h 3.1mg/24h Patch 7,590,728 L.L
H02AB09 SOLU CORTEF ACT-O-VIAL B Hydrocortisone (sodium succinate) - 250mg 250mg Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent 421,967 L.L
C05AA01 SEDIPROCT G Hydrocortisone - 500mg, Cinchocaine HCl - 500mg Cream 290,270 L.L
C05AA01 SEDIPROCT G Hydrocortisone - 5mg, Cinchocaine HCl - 5mg, Framycetin sulfate - 10mg, Esculoside - 10mg Suppository 237,860 L.L
C05AA01 SINAHEAL-H G Hydrocortisone acetate - 0.275g/100g, Lidocaine - 5g/100g, Zinc oxide - 18g/100g, Aluminium Subacetate - 3.5g/100g Ointment 330,585 L.L
C05AA01 SINAHEAL-H G Hydrocortisone acetate - 5mg, Lidocaine - 60mg, Zinc oxide - 400mg, Aluminium Subacetate - 50mg Suppository 501,253 L.L
M01AE01 SPIDIFEN B Ibuprofen alginate - 400mg 400mg Tablet, film coated 330,585 L.L
L01EA01 SAGITTA G Imatinib - 100mg 100mg Capsule, hard 25,170,264 L.L
L01EA01 SAGITTA G Imatinib - 400mg 400mg Capsule, hard 51,723,840 L.L
J01DH51 SYNERGIC G Imipenem - 500mg, Cilastatin - 500mg Injectable powder 1,142,266 L.L
A10AE54 SULIQUA BioTech Insulin glargine - 100IU/ml, Lixisenatide - 33mcg/ml Injectable solution 7,975,793 L.L
A10AE54 SULIQUA BioTech Insulin glargine - 100IU/ml, Lixisenatide - 50mcg/ml Injectable solution 11,286,573 L.L
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