Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
B05BB02	SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5%		Injectable solution	194,211 L.L
B05BB02	SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5%		Injectable solution	180,421 L.L
B05BB02	SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5%		Injectable solution	222,941 L.L
B05BB02	SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5%		Injectable solution	158,587 L.L
N01BB03	SCANDINIBSA	G	Mepivacaine HCl - 3%	3%	Injectable solution	1,191,988 L.L
B05BB02	SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5%		Injectable solution	193,062 L.L
B05BB02	SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5%		Injectable solution	180,421 L.L
B05BB02	SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5%		Injectable solution	236,731 L.L
B05BB02	SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5%		Injectable solution	211,449 L.L
N01BB58	SEPTANEST ADRENALINEE	B	Articaine HCl - 72mg/1.8ml, Adrenaline (tartrate) - 0.033mg/1.8ml	1/100,000	Injectable solution	2,945,703 L.L
B05BC01	SERUFLEX MANNITOL 20% INJECTION, USP	G	Mannitol - 20g/100ml	20g/100ml	Injectable solution	402,213 L.L
B05BC01	SOLUFLEX MANNITOL 20% INJECTION, USP	G	Mannitol - 20g/100ml	20g/100ml	Injectable solution	603,320 L.L
J06BD01	SYNAGIS	BioTech	Palivizumab - 100mg/ml	100mg/ml	Injectable solution	57,429,464 L.L
J06BD01	SYNAGIS	BioTech	Palivizumab - 50mg/0.5ml	50mg/0.5ml	Injectable solution	38,316,693 L.L
H01CB02	SANDOSTATIN LAR	B	Octreotide (acetate) - 20mg	20mg	Injectable powder for suspension+diluent	L.L
H01CB02	SANDOSTATIN LAR	B	Octreotide (acetate) - 30mg	30mg	Injectable powder for suspension+diluent	L.L
H01CB02	SANDOSTATIN LAR	B	Octreotide (acetate) - 20mg	20mg	Injectable powder for suspension+diluent	36,504,302 L.L
H01CB02	SANDOSTATIN LAR	B	Octreotide (acetate) - 30mg	30mg	Injectable powder for suspension+diluent	54,757,132 L.L
H02AB04	SOLU MEDROL Act-O-Vial	B	Methylprednisolone sodium succinate - 40mg	40mg	Injectable powder for solution+diluent	313,115 L.L
A02BC05	SOLEZOL	G	Esomeprazole - 40mg	40mg	Injectable powder for solution	301,021 L.L
H02AB04	SOLU MEDROL	B	Methylprednisolone sodium succinate - 500mg	500mg	Injectable powder for solution	718,956 L.L
H02AB04	SOLU MEDROL	B	Methylprednisolone sodium succinate - 1g	1g	Injectable powder for solution	1,444,631 L.L
J01DE01	SALAPIME	G	Cefepime - 1g	1g	Injectable powder for solution	618,168 L.L
L01XX02	SPECTRILA	BioTech	Asparaginase, recombinant - 10,000IU	10,000IU	Injectable powder for concentrate for solution	21,370,813 L.L
L04AC02	SIMULECT	BioTech	Basiliximab - 20mg	20mg	Injectable powder + solvent	131,822,828 L.L
J01DH51	SYNERGIC	G	Imipenem - 500mg, Cilastatin - 500mg		Injectable powder	1,142,266 L.L
M01AC02	SORAL	G	Tenoxicam - 20mg/2ml	20mg/2ml	Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+solvent	588,603 L.L
J01DD01	STOPAREN	G	Cefotaxime (sodium) - 1g	1g	Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent	213,671 L.L
H02AB09	SOLU CORTEF ACT-O-VIAL	B	Hydrocortisone (sodium succinate) - 250mg	250mg	Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent	421,967 L.L
B05BA02	SMOFLIPID	G	Soya oil - 6%, Olive oil - 5%, Fish oil - 3%, Medium chain triglycerides - 6%	20%	Injectable emulsion	1,424,473 L.L