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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
D04AB01 XYLOCAINE B Lidocaine - 10mg/spray dose 100mg/ml Spray 667,890 L.L
D04AB01 VERSATIS B Lidocaine - 5% 5% Patch 13,085,712 L.L
D04AB01 VERSATIS B Lidocaine - 5% 5% Patch 2,772,347 L.L
D04AB01 PROCOMIL G Lidocaine - 10% 10% Spray 665,202 L.L
D04AA32 DERMAMINE ITCH STOPPING G Diphenhydramine HCl - 1%, Zinc acetete - 0.1% Cream 560,382 L.L
D04AA32 HISTERGAN G Diphenhydramine HCl - 2% 2% Cream 546,944 L.L
D04AA32 HISTAFEN G Diphenhydramine HCl - 2% 2% Solution 362,837 L.L
D04AA13 FENISTIL B Dimethindene maleate - 1mg/g 1mg/g Gel 196,201 L.L
D03BA SERODASE G Serratiopeptidase - 5mg 5mg Tablet, enteric coated 460,938 L.L
D03AX06 BECAPLEX BioTech Becaplermin - 40mg 0.01% Gel 38,029,953 L.L
D03AX BEPANTHEN PLUS B Chlorhexidine HCl - 5mg/g, Dexpanthenol - 50mg/g Cream 319,835 L.L
D03AX MEBO B ?-sitosterol - 0.25% 0.25% Ointment 760,615 L.L
D03AX HEALIN B G ?-sitosterol - 0.25% 0.25% Ointment 849,820 L.L
D03AX RENEBO G ?-sitosterol - 0.25% w/w 0.25% w/w Ointment 456,906 L.L
D02AX BIAFINE B Trolamine - 0.67g/100g 0.67g/100g Emulsion 524,099 L.L
D02AX GLYCERINE G Glycerol - Liquid 163,821 L.L
D02AF METHYL SALICYLATE COMPOUND UNGUENTUM G Methylsalicylate - 4.5g/30g, Menthol - 1.8g/30g Ointment 165,101 L.L
D02AF POMMADE ACIDE SALICYLIQUE G Salicylic acid - 10% 10% Ointment 284,127 L.L
D02AF VERRUFILM G Lactic acid - 16.7%, Salicylic acid - 16.7% Solution 861,403 L.L
D02AF REPARIL GEL-N B Diethylamine salicylate - 5g/100g, Ascine - 1g/100g Gel 481,096 L.L
D02AC VASELINE PURE G Vaseline pure - 20g 20g Ointment 103,668 L.L
D02AC VASIDEX G Vaseline pure - 15g 15g Ointment 78,071 L.L
D01BA02 LAMISIL B Terbinafine HCl - 250mg 250mg Tablet, scored 813,025 L.L
D01BA02 APO-TERBINAFINE G Terbinafine HCl - 250mg 250mg Tablet 1,409,691 L.L
D01BA02 BODERM G Terbinafine HCl - 250mg 250mg Tablet 749,992 L.L
D01BA02 LAMIFEN G Terbinafine HCl - 250mg 250mg Tablet 245,923 L.L
D01BA02 LAMINOX G Terbinafine HCl - 250mg 250mg Tablet 725,675 L.L
D01BA02 TERAFAN G Terbinafine HCl - 250mg 250mg Tablet, scored 725,675 L.L
D01BA01 GRISEOFULVIN G Griseofulvin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, scored 575,933 L.L
D01AE22 EXODERIL B Naftifine HCl - 10mg/g 1% Cream 345,368 L.L
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