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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
D06AX09 AVALON AVOBAN G Mupirocin - 2% w/w 2% Ointment 460,938 L.L
D07AC14 ADVANTAN B Methylprednisolone aceponate - 1mg/g 1mg/g Ointment 385,683 L.L
D01AE16 AMOROLFINE BGR G Amorolfine - 5% 5% Nail lacquer 753,896 L.L
R03AK13 AEROCORT-A HFA G Salbutamol - 100mcg/dose, Beclometasone - 50mcg/dose Metered dose inhaler 541,569 L.L
R02AA20 ANGINOVA G Lidocaine HCl - 1mg, Dequalinium HCl - 0.25mg Lozenge 349,399 L.L
J07BC02 AVAXIM PEDIATRIQUE (vaccin inactivé de l'hépatite A adsorbé) B Hepatitis A, inactivated, whole virus - 80 antigen units/0.5ml 80 antigen units/0.5ml Injectable suspension 1,531,980 L.L
L01BC07 AZACITIDINE ARROW G Azacitidine - 25mg/ml 25mg/ml Injectable suspension 10,967,854 L.L
J01DH02 AROPEM G Meropenem - 0.5g 0.5g Injectable sterile lyophilised powder for solution 995,723 L.L
J01DH02 AROPEM G Meropenem - 0.5g 0.5g Injectable sterile lyophilised powder for solution 19,022,727 L.L
J01DH02 AROPEM G Meropenem - 1g 1g Injectable sterile lyophilised powder for solution 995,723 L.L
J01DH02 AROPEM G Meropenem - 1g 1g Injectable sterile lyophilised powder for solution 19,022,727 L.L
B01AX05 ARIXTRA B Fondaparinux sodium - 2.5mg/0.5ml 2.5mg/0.5ml Injectable solution 5,341,774 L.L
B01AX05 ARIXTRA B Fondaparinux sodium - 7.5mg/0.6ml 7.5mg/0.6ml Injectable solution 12,004,668 L.L
B05CX01 ALDEX G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 174,062 L.L
B05CX01 ALDEX G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 174,062 L.L
B05CX01 ALDEX G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 170,630 L.L
B05CX01 ALDEX G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 182,720 L.L
B05CX01 ALDEX G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 205,933 L.L
L04AB01 ALTEBREL BioTech Etanercept - 50mg/1ml 50mg/1ml Injectable solution 14,833,767 L.L
L04AB01 ALTEBREL BioTech Etanercept - 25mg/0.5ml 25mg/0.5ml Injectable solution 27,383,989 L.L
J01MA14 AVALOX B Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 400mg/250ml 400mg/250ml Injectable solution 9,052,935 L.L
C05BB02 AETHOXYSKLEROL B Polidocanol (Lauromacrogol 400) - 0.5% 0.5% Injectable solution 1,441,943 L.L
C05BB02 AETHOXYSKLEROL B Polidocanol (Lauromacrogol 400) - 1% 1% Injectable solution 1,732,213 L.L
C05BB02 AETHOXYSKLEROL B Polidocanol (Lauromacrogol 400) - 3% 3% Injectable solution 2,576,146 L.L
L04AB04 ABRILADA BioTech Adalimumab - 40mg 40mg Injectable solution 40,259,574 L.L
L04AB04 ABRILADA BioTech Adalimumab - 40mg 40mg Injectable solution 40,259,574 L.L
L04AB04 ADALIREL BioTech Adalimumab - 40mg 40mg Injectable solution 15,102,158 L.L
R03DA05 AMINOPHYLLINE RENAUDIN G Aminophylline - 250mg/10ml 2.5% Injectable solution 739,113 L.L
A10AB01 ACTRAPID BioTech Insulin (human) - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable solution 752,552 L.L
A10AB01 ACTRAPID BioTech Insulin (human) - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable solution 752,552 L.L
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