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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B03BA51 DEPOVEX B Aluminium monostearate - 20mg/ml, Cyanocobalamine - 1mg/ml Injectable oily suspension 423,310 L.L
N06CA02 DEANXIT B Flupentixol (dihydrochloride) - 0.5mg, Melitracen (HCl) - 10mg Tablet, film coated 1,372,063 L.L
S01ED51 DORZOLAMIDE/TIMOLOL BGR G Timolol maleate - 5mg/ml, Dorzolamide HCl - 20mg/ml Drops solution 689,391 L.L
S01ED51 DORZOPTIC PLUS G Timolol - 0.5%, Dorzolamide HCl - 2% Drops solution 548,288 L.L
N02BE51 DIFEN GESIC G Paracetamol - 400mg, Diclofenac potassium - 50mg Tablet, film coated 330,585 L.L
N02BE51 DOLFEIN G Paracetamol - 400mg, Caffeine - 50mg, Codeine phosphate hemihydrate - 20mg Tablet 249,571 L.L
H02AB01 DIPROFOS B Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 5mg/ml, Betamethasone (sodium phosphate) - 2mg/ml Injectable suspension 446,156 L.L
S01ED51 DUOTRAV B Timolol (maleate) - 5mg, Travoprost - 40mcg Drops solution 1,933,789 L.L
A12AX DECALCIT B Vitamin D3 - 500IU, Calcium - 600mg Tablet 912,469 L.L
A12AX DECALCIT B Vitamin D3 - 500IU, Calcium - 600mg Tablet 348,055 L.L
M03BA53 DISTEM G Paracetamol - 300mg, Methocarbamol - 380mg Tablet 978,317 L.L
A12AX DECALCIT B Vitamin D3 - 750IU, Calcium - 600mg Powder 1,075,074 L.L
M03BX DORIXINA RELAX B Lysine clonixinate - 125mg, Cyclobenzaprine HCl - 5mg Tablet, film coated 581,884 L.L
A15 DESARROL G Cyproheptadine HCl - 0.2mg/ml, L-Arginine L-Aspartate - 25mg/ml, L-Carnitine - 50mg/ml Solution 1,007,882 L.L
A15A DYNAMOGEN G Arginine Aspartate - 1g/10ml, Glutodine (Cyproheptadine ?-ketoglutarate) - 3mg/10ml Solution 1,019,976 L.L
D04AA32 DERMAMINE ITCH STOPPING G Diphenhydramine HCl - 1%, Zinc acetete - 0.1% Cream 560,382 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% G Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 189,262 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% G Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 182,720 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% G Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 207,894 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% G Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 198,578 L.L
R05CB10 DILAMUC G Dried Ivy leaf extract - 170mg/100ml, Glycyrrhizic acid (Glycyrrhiza Glabra, Liquorice root) - 164mg/100ml, Thyme - 760mg/100ml Syrup 456,906 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% G Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 226,036 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 194,211 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 180,421 L.L
R05D DULSANA WITH CODEINE B Menthol - 0.25mg/5ml, Ammonium chloride - 100mg/5ml, Codeine phosphate - 10mg/5ml, Ephedrine HCl - 4mg/5ml, Carbinoxamine maleate - 2mg/5ml Syrup 273,888 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 186,167 L.L
A10BD02 DIAMET 500/5 G Metformin HCl XR - 500mg, Glibenclamide - 5mg Tablet, film coated 639,925 L.L
V01AA DIATER B Allergen extracts - Spray 26,856,672 L.L
V01AA DIATER B Allergen extracts - Spray 34,962,083 L.L
V01AA DIATER B Allergen extracts - Spray 35,697,531 L.L
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