Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
N01BB02	LIDOCAINE- ORBUCELL	G	Lidocaine HCl - 2%	2%	Injectable solution	1,787,950 L.L
N01BB02	LIDOCAINE PANPHARMA 2%	G	Lidocaine (HCl) - 20mg/ml	2%	Injectable solution	3,398,578 L.L
N01BB02	LIDO-CARE	G	Lidocaine - 2%	2%	Injectable solution	100,788 L.L
N01BB02	? 2% LIDOCAINE HCL USP	G	Lidocaine HCl - 2%	2%	Injectable solution	255,970 L.L
N01BB03	MEDICAINE 3% SANS VASOCONSTRICTEUR	G	Mepivacaine HCl - 3%	3%	Injectable solution	954,128 L.L
N01BB03	SCANDINIBSA	G	Mepivacaine HCl - 3%	3%	Injectable solution	1,191,988 L.L
N01BB09	ROPIVACAINA MOLTENI	G	Ropivacaine HCl - 75mg/10ml	7.5mg/ml	Injectable solution	2,332,911 L.L
N01BB09	ROPIVACAINE B. BRAUN	G	Ropivacaine HCl - 75mg/10ml	7.5mg/ml	Injectable solution	4,831,114 L.L
N01BB52	DILOCAIN 2%	G	Lidocaine HCl - 20mg/1.7ml, Epinephrine (bitartrate) - 0.0125mg/1.7ml		Injectable solution	2,768,316 L.L
N01BB53	MEDICAINE 2% WITH ADRENALINE	G	Mepivacaine HCl - 36mg/1.8ml, Epinephrine (tartrate) - 0.032mg/1.8ml		Injectable solution	1,652,926 L.L
N01BB54	EMLA	B	Prilocaine - 25mg/g, Lidocaine - 25mg/g	5%	Cream	1,763,121 L.L
N01BB54	PRILA	G	Prilocaine - 2.5% w/w, Lidocaine - 2.5% w/w		Cream	1,057,604 L.L
N01BB58	ARTINIBSA 4% WITH EPINEPHRINE 1/100000	B	Articaine HCl - 4%, Epinephrine - 1/100.000		Injectable solution	1,968,729 L.L
N01BB58	SEPTANEST ADRENALINEE	B	Articaine HCl - 72mg/1.8ml, Adrenaline (tartrate) - 0.033mg/1.8ml	1/100,000	Injectable solution	2,945,703 L.L
N01BB58	ARTICAINE MEDIS ADRENALINE	G	Articaine HCl - 40mg/ml, Adrenaline - 0.07mg/ml		Injectable solution	1,881,380 L.L
N01BB58	ORABLOC	G	Articaine HCl - 4%, Epinephrine (tartrate) - 1/100.000		Injectable solution	2,308,721 L.L
N02AA01	MST CONTINUS	B	Morphine sulfate - 10mg	10mg	Tablet, film coated, prolonged release	972,942 L.L
N02AA01	MST CONTINUS	B	Morphine sulfate - 30mg	30mg	Tablet, film coated, prolonged release	2,289,908 L.L
N02AA01	MST CONTINUS	B	Morphine sulfate - 60mg	60mg	Tablet, film coated, prolonged release	3,839,358 L.L
N02AA01	MORPHINE (CHLORHYDRATE) RENAUDIN	G	Morphine HCl - 1mg/ml	1mg/ml	Injectable solution	626,231 L.L
N02AA01	CHLORHYDRATE DE MORPHINE RENAUDIN	G	Morphine HCl - 20mg/ml	20mg/ml	Injectable solution	1,100,607 L.L
N02AA01	MORPHINE MEDIS	G	Morphine HCl - 10mg/ml	10mg/ml	Injectable solution	1,050,885 L.L
N02AA01	MORPHILINE	G	Morphine sulfate - 10mg/5ml	10mg/5ml	Solution	189,418 L.L
N02AA05	OXYNORM	B	Oxycodone HCl - 5mg	5mg	Capsule, hard	1,991,575 L.L
N02AA05	OXYNORM	B	Oxycodone HCl - 10mg	10mg	Capsule, hard	3,988,525 L.L
N02AA05	OXYNORM	B	Oxycodone HCl - 20mg	20mg	Capsule, hard	7,634,958 L.L
N02AA05	OXYNORM	B	Oxycodone HCl - 10mg/ml	10mg/ml	Injectable solution	1,584,390 L.L
N02AA05	OXYCODONE RENAUDIN	G	Oxycodone HCl - 10mg/10ml	10mg/10ml	Injectable solution	2,432,355 L.L
N02AA59	DOLOSPASMINE COMP	B	Codeine phosphate - 40 mg, Hexahydro-adipenine HCl - 50 mg, Propyphenazone - 500 mg		Suppository	267,489 L.L
N02AB02	PETHIDIN PANPHARMA	G	Pethidine HCl - 50mg/ml	50mg/ml	Injectable solution	862,747 L.L