Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
M02AA10	ACHONID GEL	G	Ketoprofen - 2.5%	2.5%	Gel	179,179 L.L
M02AA15	DICLOGESIC	G	Diclofenac sodium (diethylamine) - 10mg/g	1%	Gel	135,728 L.L
M02AA15	LOCAGEL	G	Diclofenac sodium (diethylamine) - 10mg/g	10mg/g	Gel	223,078 L.L
M02AA15	OLFEN	G	Diclofenac sodium (diethylamine) - 1%	1%	Gel	268,769 L.L
M02AA15	VOLTAREN EMULGEL 12HRS	B	Diclofenac Diethylamine - 23.2mg/g	23.2mg/g	Gel	1,169,143 L.L
M02AA15	VOLTAREN EMULGEL 12HRS	B	Diclofenac Diethylamine - 23.2mg/g	23.2mg/g	Gel	717,612 L.L
M02AA15	DILO	G	Diclofenac sodium - 2%	2%	Gel	267,489 L.L
D11AX18	ALMIRAL	G	Diclofenac sodium - 1% w/w	1% w/w	Gel	396,434 L.L
D11AX18	LABDIC RELIEF	G	Diclofenac sodium - 1%w/w, Methyl salicylate - 8%w/w, Menthol - 2%w/w		Gel	263,393 L.L
A02BX02	SUCRATE GEL	G	Sucralfate - 1g	1g	Gel	636,981 L.L
D01AC02	MICONAZ	G	Miconazole nitrate - 20mg/g	20mg/g	Gel	427,470 L.L
D01AC08	KETOCONAZOLE KORHISPANA	G	Ketoconazole - 2%	2%	Gel	599,354 L.L
G03CA03	OESTRODOSE	B	Estradiol (17 bêta estradiol anhydre) - 0.06%	0.06%	Gel	642,357 L.L
D02AF	REPARIL GEL-N	B	Diethylamine salicylate - 5g/100g, Ascine - 1g/100g		Gel	481,096 L.L
G03CA03	OESTRACLIN	G	Estradiol - 0.6mg/g	0.6mg/g	Gel	448,843 L.L
D03AX06	BECAPLEX	BioTech	Becaplermin - 40mg	0.01%	Gel	38,029,953 L.L
D04AA13	FENISTIL	B	Dimethindene maleate - 1mg/g	1mg/g	Gel	196,201 L.L
G03DA04	CRINONE	B	Progesterone - 8%	8%	Gel	4,734,357 L.L
G03DA04	PROGESTOGEL	B	Progesterone - 1%	1%	Gel	542,912 L.L
G03DA04	PROGESTOGEL	B	Progesterone - 1%	1%	Gel	542,912 L.L
G03DA04	DARSTIN	G	Progesterone - 10mg/g	10mg/g	Gel	380,307 L.L
D05AX52	DAIVOBET	B	Calcipotriol - 50mcg/g, Betamethasone - 0.5mg/g		Gel	2,100,426 L.L
D05AX52	BETA-CAL	G	Calcipotriol (monohydrate) - 50mcg/g, Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 0.5mg/g		Gel	1,251,117 L.L
D06AX08	TYROSUR	G	Tyrothricin - 1mg/g	1mg/g	Gel	510,660 L.L
R06AB02	HISTAMED	G	Dexchlorpheniramine maleate - 1%	1%	Gel	477,384 L.L
D06BX01	ROZEX	B	Metronidazole - 0.75g/100g	0.75%	Gel	584,571 L.L
D06BX01	CUTIDERMINE	G	Metronidazole - 1%	1%	Gel	593,850 L.L
D06BA51	IALUGEN PLUS	B	Silver sulfadiazine - 10mg/g, Sodium hyaluronate - 0.5mg/g		Gauze	1,463,444 L.L
D11AX01	REGAINE FOAM FOR MEN	B	Minoxidil - 5%		Foam	1,370,719 L.L
D11AX01	REGAINE FOAM FOR MEN	B	Minoxidil - 5%		Foam	3,090,838 L.L