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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N02BE51 A.B.C.-COLD G Paracetamol - 500mg, Chlorphenamine maleate - 4mg, Phenylephrine HCl - 5mg Tablet, film coated 534,977 L.L
N02BG06 ACUPAN B Nefopam HCl - 20mg 20mg Injectable solution 365,525 L.L
N02CC05 ALMOVITAE G Almotriptan - 12.5mg 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,148,985 L.L
N02CD01 AIMOVIG BioTech Erenumab - 70mg/ml 70mg/ml Injectable solution 35,423,371 L.L
N02CX01 APIZINE G Pizotifen - 0.25mg/5ml 0.25mg/5ml Syrup 505,541 L.L
N03AF01 APO-CARBAMAZEPINE G Carbamazepine - 200mg 200mg Tablet 727,019 L.L
N03AX12 APO-GABAPENTIN G Gabapentin - 300mg 300mg Capsule 2,527,768 L.L
N05AH03 APO-OLANZAPINE ODT G Olanzapine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, orally disintegrating 1,317,234 L.L
N05AH03 APO-OLANZAPINE ODT G Olanzapine - 10mg 10mg Tablet, orally disintegrating 3,628,375 L.L
N05AX12 ABIPREX 10 G Aripiprazole - 10mg 10mg Tablet 1,075,074 L.L
N05AX12 ATYPRAL G Aripiprazole - 10mg 10mg Tablet 712,237 L.L
N05AX12 ABIPREX 15 G Aripiprazole - 15mg 15mg Tablet 1,075,074 L.L
N05AX12 ATYPRAL G Aripiprazole - 15mg 15mg Tablet 712,237 L.L
N05AX12 ABILIFY MAINTENA B Aripiprazole - 400mg 400mg Injectable powder for suspension, prolonged release+solvent 29,491,998 L.L
N05BA08 ANXYL G Bromazepam - 3mg 3mg Tablet, scored 167,660 L.L
N05BA12 ALPRAZOLAM BIOGARAN G Alprazolam - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet, scored 169,324 L.L
N05BA12 ALPROX G Alprazolam - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet 383,955 L.L
N05BA12 ALPRAZOLAM BIOGARAN G Alprazolam - 0.25mg 0.25mg Tablet, scored 115,570 L.L
N05BA12 ALPROX G Alprazolam - 1mg 1mg Tablet 895,895 L.L
N06AB05 APO-PAROXETINE G Paroxetine (HCl) - 20mg 20mg Tablet 1,099,263 L.L
N06AB10 APO-ESCITALOPRAM G Escitalopram (oxalate) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 565,758 L.L
N06AB10 APO-ESCITALOPRAM G Escitalopram (oxalate) - 20mg 20mg Tablet 1,087,169 L.L
N06BA09 APO-ATOMOXETINE G Atomoxetine (HCl) - 60mg 60mg Capsule 4,731,669 L.L
N06BA09 APO-ATOMOXETINE G Atomoxetine (HCl) - 40mg 40mg Capsule 4,114,846 L.L
N06BA09 APO-ATOMOXETINE G Atomoxetine (HCl) - 25mg 25mg Capsule 3,703,630 L.L
N06BA09 APO-ATOMOXETINE G Atomoxetine (HCl) - 10mg 10mg Capsule 2,981,987 L.L
N06DA02 ARICEPT B Donepezil HCl - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 3,254,787 L.L
N06DA02 ALZEPIL G Donepezil HCl - 5mg 5mg Tablet 1,406,555 L.L
N06DA02 ARIPEZIL 5 G Donepezil HCl - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 1,970,969 L.L
N06DA02 ARICEPT B Donepezil HCl - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 3,776,197 L.L
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