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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C08CA01 AMLOR B Amlodipine besylate - 5mg 5mg Capsule 560,382 L.L
C08CA01 AMLOR B Amlodipine besylate - 5mg 5mg Capsule 560,382 L.L
C08CA01 AMLINE G Amlodipine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, scored 358,358 L.L
C08CA01 AMLO TAD G Amlodipine besylate - 5mg 5mg Tablet 744,489 L.L
C08CA01 AMLOCARD G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Tablet 473,545 L.L
C08CA01 AMLOCOEUR G Amlodipine - 5mg 5mg Tablet 362,198 L.L
C08CA01 AMLODAR 5 G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Capsule 362,837 L.L
C08CA01 AMLODIPINE ARROW G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Capsule 462,282 L.L
C08CA01 AMLODIPINE BIOGARAN G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Capsule 462,282 L.L
C08CA01 AMLOPHAR G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Capsule 388,370 L.L
C08CA01 AMLORINE 5 G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Tablet 388,370 L.L
C08CA01 AMOPRO G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Capsule 362,837 L.L
C09AA05 ACURIL G Ramipril - 5mg 5mg Tablet 614,136 L.L
G04BD08 ASOLFENA G Solifenacin succinate - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 971,598 L.L
C09AA05 APO-RAMIPRIL G Ramipril - 5mg 5mg Capsule 794,211 L.L
R06AX27 AERIUS B Desloratadine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 430,030 L.L
R06AX27 AERIUS B Desloratadine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 430,030 L.L
R06AX27 AERIALLERG G Desloratadine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 400,465 L.L
M05BA08 ACLASTA B Zoledronic acid (monohydrate) - 5mg/100ml 5mg/100ml Injectable solution 21,075,062 L.L
L01CD01 ABRAXANE BioTech Paclitaxel Albumin- bound - 5mg/ml 5mg/ml Injectable powder for dispersion 17,850,751 L.L
P02CA03 ANDAZOL G Albendazole - 200mg 6 Tablet, film coated 302,365 L.L
R05CB01 ACC LONG G N-acetylcysteine - 600mg, Vitamin C - 75mg 600mg Tablet, effervescent 286,238 L.L
M01AH05 ARCOXIA B Etoricoxib - 60mg 60mg Tablet, film coated 1,685,178 L.L
M01AH05 ARTRIX 60 G Etoricoxib - 60mg 60mg Tablet, film coated 1,054,596 L.L
N06BA09 APO-ATOMOXETINE G Atomoxetine (HCl) - 60mg 60mg Capsule 4,731,669 L.L
C08DB01 APO-DILTIAZ G Diltiazem HCl - 60mg 60mg Tablet 545,600 L.L
J01CR02 AUGMENTIN B Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 500mg, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 125mg 625mg Tablet 639,958 L.L
J01CR02 AMOCLAN FORTE G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 500mg, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 125mg 625mg Tablet 170,668 L.L
J01CR02 AUGMENTIN ES B Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 600mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 42.9mg/5ml 642.9mg/5ml Powder for suspension 846,621 L.L
J01CR02 AMOCLAN BID G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 600mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 42.9mg/5ml 642.9mg/5ml Powder for suspension 507,972 L.L
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