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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
G04BE08 AMOS G Tadalafil - 5mg 5mg Film, orodispersible 2,743,998 L.L
N05AH03 APO-OLANZAPINE ODT G Olanzapine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, orally disintegrating 1,317,234 L.L
B03BB01 ACFOL G Folic acid - 5mg 5mg Tablet 355,798 L.L
C07AB07 APO-BISOPROLOL G Bisoprolol fumarate - 5mg 5mg Tablet 923,220 L.L
N06DA02 ARICEPT B Donepezil HCl - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 3,254,787 L.L
N06DA02 ALZEPIL G Donepezil HCl - 5mg 5mg Tablet 1,406,555 L.L
N06DA02 ARIPEZIL 5 G Donepezil HCl - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 1,970,969 L.L
L04AD02 ADVAGRAF B Tacrolimus monohydrate - 5mg 5mg Capsule, prolonged release 85,485,667 L.L
C08CA01 AMLOR B Amlodipine besylate - 5mg 5mg Capsule 560,382 L.L
C08CA01 AMLOR B Amlodipine besylate - 5mg 5mg Capsule 560,382 L.L
C08CA01 AMLINE G Amlodipine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, scored 358,358 L.L
C08CA01 AMLO TAD G Amlodipine besylate - 5mg 5mg Tablet 744,489 L.L
C08CA01 AMLOCARD G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Tablet 473,545 L.L
C08CA01 AMLOCOEUR G Amlodipine - 5mg 5mg Tablet 362,198 L.L
C08CA01 AMLODAR 5 G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Capsule 362,837 L.L
C08CA01 AMLODIPINE ARROW G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Capsule 462,282 L.L
C08CA01 AMLODIPINE BIOGARAN G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Capsule 462,282 L.L
C08CA01 AMLOPHAR G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Capsule 388,370 L.L
C08CA01 AMLORINE 5 G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Tablet 388,370 L.L
C08CA01 AMOPRO G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg 5mg Capsule 362,837 L.L
C09AA05 ACURIL G Ramipril - 5mg 5mg Tablet 614,136 L.L
C09AA05 APO-RAMIPRIL G Ramipril - 5mg 5mg Capsule 794,211 L.L
G04BD08 ASOLFENA G Solifenacin succinate - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 971,598 L.L
M05BA08 ACLASTA B Zoledronic acid (monohydrate) - 5mg/100ml 5mg/100ml Injectable solution 21,075,062 L.L
L01CD01 ABRAXANE BioTech Paclitaxel Albumin- bound - 5mg/ml 5mg/ml Injectable powder for dispersion 17,850,751 L.L
P02CA03 ANDAZOL G Albendazole - 200mg 6 Tablet, film coated 302,365 L.L
R05CB01 ACC LONG G N-acetylcysteine - 600mg, Vitamin C - 75mg 600mg Tablet, effervescent 286,238 L.L
M01AH05 ARCOXIA B Etoricoxib - 60mg 60mg Tablet, film coated 1,685,178 L.L
M01AH05 ARTRIX 60 G Etoricoxib - 60mg 60mg Tablet, film coated 1,054,596 L.L
N06BA09 APO-ATOMOXETINE G Atomoxetine (HCl) - 60mg 60mg Capsule 4,731,669 L.L
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