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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A11DB 3V G Vitamin B12 - 200mcg, Vitamin B6 - 200mg, Vitamin B1 - 100mg Tablet 229,797 L.L
A11DB 3V G Vitamin B12 - 1mg/3ml, Vitamin B6 - 100mg/3ml, Vitamin B1 - 100mg/3ml Injectable solution 198,889 L.L
B05BB02 5% DEXTROSE 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION G Dextrose,H2O - 5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.45g/100ml Injectable solution 179,272 L.L
B05BB02 5% DEXTROSE 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION G Dextrose,H2O - 5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.45g/100ml Injectable solution 153,990 L.L
B05BB02 5% DEXTROSE 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION G Dextrose,H2O - 5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml Injectable solution 180,421 L.L
B05BB02 5% DEXTROSE 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION G Dextrose,H2O - 5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml Injectable solution 226,388 L.L
B05BB02 5% DEXTROSE 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION G Dextrose,H2O - 5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml Injectable solution 153,990 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 148,244 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 148,244 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 159,736 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 179,272 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 191,913 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 191,913 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 208,002 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 224,090 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 148,244 L.L
L01BC02 5-FLUOROURACIL EBEWE G Fluorouracil - 1000mg/20ml 1000mg/20ml Injectable concentrated solution 653,107 L.L
L01BC02 5-FROTU G Fluorouracil - 1000mg/20ml 1000mg/20ml Injectable solution 577,852 L.L
B05CX01 7.5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Dextrose monohydrate - 7.5% 7.5g/100ml Injectable solution 202,256 L.L
N01BB02 ? 1% LIDOCAINE HCL USP G Lidocaine HCl - 1% 1% Injectable solution 76,791 L.L
N01BB02 ? 2% LIDOCAINE HCL USP G Lidocaine HCl - 2% 2% Injectable solution 255,970 L.L
A03BB01 ? HYOSCINE BUTYLBROMIDE G Hyoscine butylbromide - 20mg/ml 20mg/ml Injectable solution 70,392 L.L
M01AE01 ? IBUPROFEN G Ibuprofen - 400mg/100ml 400mg/100ml Injectable solution 383,955 L.L
A03FA01 ? METOCLOPRAMIDE INJECTION USP G Metoclopramide HCl - 10mg/2ml 10mg/2ml Injectable solution 84,470 L.L
P01AB01 ? METRONIDAZOL G Metronidazole - 500mg/100ml 500mg/100ml Injectable solution 162,541 L.L
C01CA03 ? NORADRENALINE G Norepinephrine tartrate - 8mg/4ml 8mg/4ml Injectable solution 330,201 L.L
A04AA01 ? ONDANSETRON USP G Ondansetron - 8mg/4ml 8mg/4ml Injectable solution 447,948 L.L
N02BE01 ? PARACETAMOL G Paracetamol - 1g/100ml 1g/100ml Injectable solution 191,978 L.L
N03AB02 ? PHENYTOIN SODIUM 5% USP G Phenytoin (sodium) - 250mg/5ml 5ml Injectable solution 276,448 L.L
D10BA01 A-CNOTREN G Isotretinoin - 20mg 20mg Capsule, soft gelatin 1,468,376 L.L
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