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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C09DB01 AMLODIPINE/VALSARTAN ARROW G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg, Valsartan - 160mg Tablet, coated 923,220 L.L
B05BA01 AMINOVEN 10% B Glacial Acetic Acid 99% - 5.297g/l, L-Proline - 15.0g/l, L-Alanine - 15.0g/l, Glycine - 14.0g/l, L-Histidine - 3.00g/l, L-Arginine - 12.0g/l, L-Valine - 6.20g/l, L-Tryptophan - 2.00g/l, L-Threonine - 4.40g/l, L-Phenylalanine - 5.10g/l, L-Methionine - 4.30g/l, L-Lysine (monoacetate) - 6.60g/l, L-Leucine - 7.40g/l, L-Isoleucine - 5.00g/l Injectable solution 951,440 L.L
C07BB03 ATONIUM PLUS G Chlortalidone - 25mg, Atenolol - 100mg Tablet 738,473 L.L
C09DB01 ARBITEN AM 5/160 G Amlodipine - 5mg, Valsartan - 160mg Caplet, film coated 857,372 L.L
C09DB01 AMLODIPINE/VALSARTAN ARROW G Amlodipine (besylate) - 10mg, Valsartan - 160mg Tablet, coated 923,220 L.L
A03BB01 ANTIPAN G Hyoscine N butylbromide - 20mg/ml Injectable solution 355,798 L.L
C09DB01 ANGIOSAR G Amlodipine besylate - 10mg, Valsartan - 160mg Tablet, film coated 857,372 L.L
A03BB01 ANTIPAN G Hyoscine N butylbromide - 20mg/ml Injectable solution 2,557,140 L.L
C09DB01 ARBITEN AM 10/160 G Amlodipine - 10mg, Valsartan - 160mg Caplet, film coated 857,372 L.L
R05DA20 ALGOMIEL COUGH SYRUP G Dextromethorphan HBr - 5mg, Carbinoxamine maleate - 2mg Syrup 639,925 L.L
V01AA ACARIZAX 12 SQ-HDM ORAL LYOPHILISATE B Allergen extracts - 12 SQ-HDM Tablet, lyophilised 9,366,451 L.L
C09DB01 AMLODIPINE/VALSARTAN ARROW G Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg, Valsartan - 80mg Tablet, coated 807,649 L.L
B05XA31 ADDAVEN G Chromic chloride 6H2O - 53mcg/10ml, Copper chloride dihydrate - 1.02mg/10ml, Ferric Chloride hexahydrate - 5.40mg/10ml, Manganese chloride 4H2O - 198mcg/10ml, Potassium iodide - 166mcg/10ml, Sodium fluoride - 2.10mg/10ml Injectable concentrate for solution 4,065,124 L.L
M05BB03 ACIDE ALENDRONIQUE/ VITAMINE D3 BGR G Alendronic acid - 70mg, Colecalciferol - 5600UI Tablet 815,712 L.L
A03E ACTICARBINE G Activated charcoal - 70mg, Papaverine HCl - 14mg Tablet, coated 311,771 L.L
R05X ACTISOUFRE B Sulfure de Sodium - 13mg, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae - 500mg Solution 740,457 L.L
R06AA52 AMYDRAMINE G Diphenhydramine HCl - 13.5mg/5ml, Sodium citrate - 57mg/5ml, Ammonium chloride - 131.5mg/5ml, Menthol - 1mg/5ml Syrup, sugar free 133,040 L.L
V07AB01 ARWAN WFI G Water for injection - Water for injection, irrigation 399,915 L.L
C09DX01 ARBITEN AM PLUS G Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 857,372 L.L
C09DX01 ANGIOSAR PLUS G Valsartan - 320mg, Amlodipine - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,689,210 L.L
R06AB54 ALERGICAL EXPECTORANT B Chlorpheniramine maleate - 50mg/100ml, Guaifenesin - 2000mg/100ml, Dihydroxypropyltheophylline - 500mg/100ml, Paracetamol - 2000mg/100ml Syrup 485,127 L.L
A10BD05 ACTOSMET B Metformin - 850mg, Pioglitazone - 15mg Tablet, film coated 3,101,588 L.L
N01BB58 ARTINIBSA 4% WITH EPINEPHRINE 1/100000 B Articaine HCl - 4%, Epinephrine - 1/100.000 Injectable solution 1,968,729 L.L
N01BB58 ARTICAINE MEDIS ADRENALINE G Articaine HCl - 40mg/ml, Adrenaline - 0.07mg/ml Injectable solution 1,881,380 L.L
D06BB53 ACTI-VIR H G Aciclovir - 5%, Hydrocortisone acetate - 1% Cream 833,182 L.L
J01CR02 AMOXICLAV-ORBUCELL G Amoxicillin - 1g, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 0.2g Injectable powder for solution 7,433,691 L.L
A04AA55 AKYNZEO B Palonosetron - 0.5mg, Netupitant - 300mg Capsule, hard 7,364,372 L.L
N02AJ06 ALGOCOD G Paracetamol - 500mg, Codeine phosphate - 30mg Tablet, effervescent 299,677 L.L
R01BA53 AURIMEL B Phenylephrine HCl - 5mg/5ml, Sodium citrate - 325mg/5ml, Carbinoxamine maleate - 2mg/5ml, Dextromethorphan HBr - 5mg/5ml Syrup 319,963 L.L
N02AJ08 ASTEFOR G Ibuprofen - 400mg, Codeine phosphate hemihydrate - 30mg Tablet, film coated 935,314 L.L
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