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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A12AX CI-CAL+D B Calcium citrate - 250mg, Vitamin D3 - 125IU Tablet 638,325 L.L
A12AX CI-CAL+D B Calcium citrate - 250mg, Vitamin D3 - 1,000IU Tablet 888,280 L.L
A12AX CI-CAL+D B Calcium citrate - 250mg, Vitamin D3 - 800IU Tablet, chewable 804,962 L.L
C07FB07 CONCOR AM 2.5 B Bisoprolol fumarate - 2.5mg, Amlodipine besylate - 5mg Tablet, film coated 1,324,559 L.L
C07FB07 CONCOR AM 5 B Bisoprolol fumarate - 5mg, Amlodipine besylate - 5mg Tablet, film coated 1,324,559 L.L
R05X COLDIN-H G Paracetamol - 300mg, Mepyramine maleate - 15mg, Noscapine - 10mg Capsule 386,515 L.L
R06AA59 CARIBAN B Pyridoxine HCl - 10mg, Doxylamine succinate - 10mg Capsule, hard, modified release 1,701,305 L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE C G Potassium chloride - 2.611g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 5.33g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 8.99g/l, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 190.505g/l, Sodium chloride - 204.54g/l Injectable solution L.L
C09DB07 CANDAM G Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Amlodipine - 5mg Capsule, hard 1,376,095 L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE D G Potassium chloride - 5.215g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 5.32g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 8.99g/l, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 166.7g/l, Sodium chloride - 214.76g/l Injectable solution L.L
C09DB07 CORONOPINE G Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Amlodipine - 5mg Capsule, hard 1,368,032 L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE E G Potassium chloride - 2.611g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 5.32g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 7.00g/l, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 190.505g/l, Sodium chloride - 205.49g/l Injectable solution L.L
C09DB07 CANDAM G Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Amlodipine - 5mg Capsule, hard 1,376,095 L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE F G Potassium chloride - 3.914g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 3.558g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 7.719g/l, Acetic acid 100% - 6.010ml/l, Sodium chloride - 208.631g/l Injectable solution L.L
C09DB07 CORONOPINE G Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Amlodipine - 5mg Capsule, hard 1,638,144 L.L
J01DH51 CELLABAXIN G Imipenem (monohydrate) - 500mg, Cilastatin (sodium) - 500mg Injectable solution 10,699,559 L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE SG G Potassium chloride - 3.92g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 5.32g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 8.99g/l, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 166.7g/l, Sodium chloride - 214.76g/l Injectable solution L.L
C09DB07 CANDAM G Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Amlodipine - 10mg Capsule, hard 1,376,095 L.L
J01DH51 CILANEM G Imipenem anhydrous - 500mg, Cilastatin (sodium) - 500mg Injectable solution 850,652 L.L
R06AD52 CODOPALM G Promethazine HCl - 5mg/5ml, Sodium gentisate - 0.5mg/5ml Syrup 149,742 L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS L G Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:106.5 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:135 mmol/l Injectable solution L.L
C09DB07 CORONOPINE G Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Amlodipine - 10mg Capsule, hard 1,540,044 L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LM G Potassium chloride - K+:2.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:112 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l Injectable solution L.L
C09DB07 CORONOPINE G Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Amlodipine - 10mg Capsule, hard 1,368,032 L.L
D04AX CALAMINE PLUS B Diphenhydramine HCl - 0.25/100ml, Tetracaine HCl - 0.025/100ml, Zinc oxide - 8g/100ml, Calamine - 8g/100ml Lotion 177,899 L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS G Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:111.5 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS2 G Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.5 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:111 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS3 G Potassium chloride - K+:2.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.60 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:112 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS R G Potassium chloride - K+:1.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.40 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:105.8 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140.5 mmol/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTIONFOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE A G Hemodialytics, concentrates - Injectable solution L.L
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