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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05XA07 CALCIUM CHLORIDE G Calcium chloride - 10g/100ml 10g/100ml Injectable solution 5,436,771 L.L
B05XA31 NUTRYELT G Zinc (gluconate) - 10000mcg/10ml, Copper (gluconate) - 300mcg/10ml, Manganese (gluconate) - 55mcg/10ml, Sodium fluoride - 950mcg/10ml, Iodine potassium iodide - 130mcg/10ml, Selenium (sodium salt) - 70mcg/10ml, Molybdenum (Sodium molybdate) - 20mcg/10ml, Chrome (chlorure) - 10mcg/10ml, Ferrous (gluconate) - 1000mcg/10ml Injectable concentrate for solution 3,483,240 L.L
B05XA31 ADDAVEN G Chromic chloride 6H2O - 53mcg/10ml, Copper chloride dihydrate - 1.02mg/10ml, Ferric Chloride hexahydrate - 5.40mg/10ml, Manganese chloride 4H2O - 198mcg/10ml, Potassium iodide - 166mcg/10ml, Sodium fluoride - 2.10mg/10ml, Sodium molybdate dihydrate - 48.5mcg/10ml, Sodium selenite anhydrous - 173mcg/10ml, Zinc chloride - 10.5mg/10ml Injectable concentrate for solution 4,065,124 L.L
B05XB02 DIPEPTIVEN B L-alanine-L-Glutamine - 20g/100ml 20g/100ml Injectable concentrated solution 2,940,456 L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE C G Potassium chloride - 2.611g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 5.33g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 8.99g/l, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 190.505g/l, Sodium chloride - 204.54g/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE D G Potassium chloride - 5.215g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 5.32g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 8.99g/l, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 166.7g/l, Sodium chloride - 214.76g/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE E G Potassium chloride - 2.611g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 5.32g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 7.00g/l, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 190.505g/l, Sodium chloride - 205.49g/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE F G Potassium chloride - 3.914g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 3.558g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 7.719g/l, Acetic acid 100% - 6.010ml/l, Sodium chloride - 208.631g/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE SG G Potassium chloride - 3.92g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 5.32g/l, Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 8.99g/l, Sodium acetate, 3H2O - 166.7g/l, Sodium chloride - 214.76g/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS L G Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:106.5 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:135 mmol/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LM G Potassium chloride - K+:2.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:112 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS G Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:111.5 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS2 G Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.5 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:111 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS3 G Potassium chloride - K+:2.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.60 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:112 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS R G Potassium chloride - K+:1.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.40 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:105.8 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140.5 mmol/l Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTIONFOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE A G Hemodialytics, concentrates - Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE B+ G Hemodialytics, concentrates - Injectable solution L.L
B05ZA CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS TYPE J G Hemodialytics, concentrates - Injectable solution L.L
B06AC05 TAKHZYRO BioTech Lanadelumab - 300mg/2ml Injectable solution 1,204,227,927 L.L
C01AA05 LANOXIN PG B Digoxin - 0.05mg/ml 0.05mg/ml Elixir 307,740 L.L
C01AA05 LANOXIN B Digoxin - 0.25mg 0.25mg Tablet 215,015 L.L
C01BC03 RYTMONORM B Propafenone HCl - 150mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 1,077,193 L.L
C01BC03 RYTMONORM B Propafenone HCl - 300mg 300mg Tablet, film coated 1,812,100 L.L
C01BC04 FLECAINE B Flecainide acetate - 100mg 100mg Tablet, scored 878,873 L.L
C01BC04 FLECAINIDE ARROW LAB G Flecainide acetate - 100mg 100mg Tablet, scored 588,603 L.L
C01BC04 FLECAINIDE BIOGARAN L.P. G Flecainide acetate - 100mg 100mg Capsule, extended release 1,154,361 L.L
C01BC04 FLECAINIDE BIOGARAN L.P. G Flecainide acetate - 50mg 50mg Capsule, extended release 1,154,361 L.L
C01BD01 CORDARONE B Amiodarone (HCl) - 200mg 200mg Tablet, scored 349,399 L.L
C01BD01 AMIODARONE BIOGARAN G Amiodarone (HCl) - 200mg 200mg Tablet 345,368 L.L
C01BD01 CORDARONE B Amiodarone (HCl) - 150mg/3ml 150mg/3ml Injectable concentrated solution 499,909 L.L
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