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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J01XB01 COLISTIMETHATE SODIQUE PANPHARMA G Colistimethate Sodium - 1.000.000IU 1.000.000IU Injectable powder for solution, Inhalation powder 6,392,659 L.L
J01XB01 COLISTIN HIKMA G Colistimethate Sodium - 1MIU 1MIU Injectable powder for solution, Inhalation powder 903,062 L.L
J01XB01 COLIXIN G Colistimethate Sodium - 1,000,000IU 1,000,000IU Injectable powder for solution, Inhalation powder 20,296,042 L.L
J06BA02 CUVITRU BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin - 4g/20ml 200mg/ml Injectable solution 29,806,627 L.L
J01FF01 CLINDAMYCIN VIANEX BA FREE G Clindamycin (phosphate) - 600mg/4ml 600mg/4ml Injectable solution 201,576 L.L
J06BA02 CUVITRU BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin - 8g/40ml 200mg/ml Injectable solution 53,593,818 L.L
N02AA01 CHLORHYDRATE DE MORPHINE RENAUDIN G Morphine HCl - 20mg/ml 20mg/ml Injectable solution 1,100,607 L.L
J01FF01 CLINDAMYCIN-HAMELN G Clindamycin (phosphate) - 600mg/4ml 150mg/ml Injectable solution 3,535,650 L.L
L03AB07 CINNOVEX BioTech Interferon beta-1a - 30mcg 30mcg Injectable solution 39,804,728 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROFLOXACINE PANPHARMA G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 200mg/100ml 200mg/100ml Injectable solution 5,120,040 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROFLOXACINE PANPHARMA G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 200mg/100ml 200mg/100ml Injectable solution 5,120,040 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROFLOXACINE PANPHARMA G Ciprofloxacin - 200mg/100ml 200mg/100ml Injectable solution 4,914,432 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROLON 200 G Ciprofloxacin (lactate) - 200mg/100ml 200mg/100ml Injectable solution 686,704 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROX G Ciprofloxacine (lactate) - 200mg/100ml 0.2%w/v Injectable solution 520,067 L.L
J01MA02 CEFLOXINE G Ciprofloxacin - 400mg/200ml 400mg/200ml Injectable solution 1,134,203 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROFLOXACINE PANPHARMA G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 400mg/200ml 400mg/200ml (2mg/ml) Injectable solution 9,908,924 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROFLOXACINE PANPHARMA G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 400mg/200ml 400mg/200ml Injectable solution 9,908,924 L.L
J06BA02 CLAIRYG BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin G - 50mg/ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 17Solution for peritoneal dialysis stay safe G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.1838g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 15g/l, Fructose , - up to 0.75g/l Injectable solution 605,921 L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 19Solution for peritoneal dialysis stay safe G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.1838g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.73g/l, Fructose , - up to 1.1g/l Injectable solution 740,031 L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 2Solution for peritoneal dialysis stay safe G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.2573g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 15g/l, Glucose monohydrate - 16.5g/l Injectable solution 707,716 L.L
L01FG02 CYRAMZA BioTech Ramucirumab - 500mg/50ml 500mg/50ml Injectable solution L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 3Solution for peritoneal dialysis G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.2573g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 42.50g/l, Glucose monohydrate - 46.75g/l Injectable solution 740,031 L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 17Solution for peritoneal dialysis sleep safe G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.1838g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 15g/l, Fructose , - up to 0.75g/l Injectable solution 715,794 L.L
B05D CAPD/DPCA 19Solution for peritoneal dialysis sleep safe G Sodium chloride - 5.786g/l, Sodium-(S)-lactate - 3.925g/l, Calcium chloride 2H2O - 0.1838g/l, Magnesium chloride, 6H2O - 0.1017g/l, Anhydrous glucose - 22.73g/l, Fructose , - up to 1.1g/l Injectable solution 715,794 L.L
B05XA01 CHLORURE DE POTASSIUM RENAUDIN G Potassium chloride - 7.46g/100ml 7.46% Injectable solution 385,683 L.L
N05AF05 CLOPIXOL DEPOT B Zuclopenthixol decanoate - 200mg/ml 200mg/ml Injectable solution 512,004 L.L
N05AF05 CLOPIXOL ACUPHASE B Zuclopenthixol acetate - 100mg/2ml 100mg/2ml Injectable solution 857,372 L.L
B05XA01 CHLORURE DE POTASSIUM RENAUDIN G Potassium chloride - 10g/100ml 10g/100ml Injectable solution 360,150 L.L
B03BA01 CYNOVIT-JULPHAR G Vitamin B12 - 1mg/ml 1mg/ml Injectable solution 167,980 L.L
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