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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
L04AB06 SIMPONI BioTech Golimumab - 100mg/1ml 100mg/1ml Injectable solution 72,719,241 L.L
L04AC05 STELARA BioTech Ustekinumab - 45mg 45mg Injectable solution 151,777,679 L.L
L04AC05 STELARA BioTech Ustekinumab - 90mg 90mg Injectable solution 151,777,679 L.L
M03AC11 SISACURE G Cisatracurium (besylate) - 20mg/10ml 20mg/10ml Injectable solution 1,408,347 L.L
B05XA02 SODIUM BICARBONATE G Sodium bicarbonate - 4.2g/100ml 4.2g/100ml Injectable solution 742,370 L.L
B05XA02 SODIUM BICARBONATE G Sodium bicarbonate - 8.4g/100ml 8.4% Injectable solution 959,565 L.L
L04AC18 SKYRIZI BioTech Risankizumab - 75mg 75mg Injectable solution 194,911,251 L.L
B05XA02 SODIUM BICARBONATE G Sodium bicarbonate - 1.4g/100ml 1.4g/100ml Injectable solution 258,887 L.L
L04AC18 SKYRIZI BioTech Risankizumab - 150mg 150mg Injectable solution 194,911,251 L.L
H01CB02 SANDOSTATIN B Octreotide - 0.1mg/ml 0.1mg/ml Injectable solution 1,038,790 L.L
J02AC01 STABILANOL G Fluconazole - 2mg/ml 2mg/ml Injectable solution 1,242,583 L.L
H01CB03 SOMATULINE AUTOGEL B Lanreotide (acetate) - 90mg 90mg Injectable solution 48,383,450 L.L
H01CB03 SOMATULINE AUTOGEL B Lanreotide (acetate) - 120mg 120mg Injectable solution 57,492,826 L.L
H01CB05 SIGNIFOR B Pasireotide (diaspartate) - 0.3mg/ml 0.3mg/ml Injectable solution 168,719,438 L.L
H01CB05 SIGNIFOR B Pasireotide (diaspartate) - 0.6mg/ml 0.6mg/ml Injectable solution 180,355,261 L.L
H01CB05 SIGNIFOR B Pasireotide (diaspartate) - 0.9mg/ml 0.9mg/ml Injectable solution 183,846,008 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 156,288 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 165,482 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 176,974 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 163,184 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 156,288 L.L
A10AE54 SULIQUA BioTech Insulin glargine - 100IU/ml, Lixisenatide - 50mcg/ml Injectable solution 11,286,573 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 4,143,943 L.L
A10AE54 SULIQUA BioTech Insulin glargine - 100IU/ml, Lixisenatide - 33mcg/ml Injectable solution 7,975,793 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 3,985,356 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 5,566,628 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 519,736 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 167,780 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 167,780 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 166,708 L.L
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