Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
L02BG04	FEMARA	B	Letrozole - 2.5mg	2.5mg	Tablet, film coated	3,433,518 L.L
N06AA02	TOFRANIL 10	B	Imipramine HCl - 10mg	10mg	Tablet, sugar coated	579,772 L.L
A10BD19	GLYXAMBI	B	Linagliptin - 5mg, Empagliflozin - 25mg		Tablet, film coated	4,162,216 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1%	0.1%	Lotion	201,576 L.L
L01EA04	BOSULIF	B	Bosutinib - 400mg	400mg	Tablet, film coated	123,564,667 L.L
N06AA02	TOFRANIL 25	B	Imipramine HCl - 25mg	25mg	Tablet, sugar coated	1,002,123 L.L
B01AF01	XARELTO	B	Rivaroxaban - 2.5mg	2.5mg	Tablet, film coated	4,045,168 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1%	0.1%	Lotion	201,576 L.L
L01EA04	BOSULIF	B	Bosutinib - 500mg	500mg	Tablet, film coated	154,453,246 L.L
N06AA09	TRYPTIZOL	B	Amitryptiline (HCl) - 10mg	10mg	Tablet, coated	668,751 L.L
R01AA07	OTRIVIN	B	Xylometazoline HCl - 0.1%	0.1%	Drops	241,892 L.L
A10BD20	SYNJARDY	B	Empagliflozin - 12.5mg, Metformin HCl - 1000mg	12.5mg/1000mg	Tablet, film coated	3,156,820 L.L
C01EB18	RANEXA	B	Ranolazine - 375mg	375mg	Tablet, prolonged release	3,985,837 L.L
C09BA03	ZESTORETIC	B	Lisinopril (dihydrate) - 20mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg		Tablet	663,858 L.L
D07AC01	BETNOVATE	B	Betamethasone - 0.1%	0.1%	Solution	235,172 L.L
J01CR02	AUGMENTIN	B	Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 125mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 31.25mg/5ml	156.25mg/5ml	Powder for suspension	302,365 L.L
L01EA05	ICLUSIG	B	Ponatinib - 15mg	15mg	Tablet, film coated	103,555,839 L.L
N01BB54	EMLA	B	Prilocaine - 25mg/g, Lidocaine - 25mg/g	5%	Cream	1,763,121 L.L
N06AA09	TRYPTIZOL	B	Amitryptiline (HCl) - 25mg	25mg	Tablet, coated	716,716 L.L
R01AA07	OTRIVIN MENTHOL 0.1%	B	Xylometazoline HCl - 0.1%	0.1%	Drops	387,027 L.L
R06AE07	ZYRTEC	B	Cetirizine (dihydrochloride) - 1%	1%	Drops	170,668 L.L
A06AB58	PICOPREP	B	Magnesium oxide - 3.5g, Citric acid - 12g, Sodium picosulfate - 10mg		Powder	694,767 L.L
A10BD20	SYNJARDY	B	Empagliflozin - 12.5mg, Metformin HCl - 1000mg	12.5mg/1000mg	Tablet, film coated	3,156,820 L.L
B01AF01	XARELTO	B	Rivaroxaban - 15mg	15mg	Tablet, film coated	4,440,862 L.L
C01EB18	RANEXA	B	Ranolazine - 500mg	500mg	Tablet, prolonged release	3,985,837 L.L
D07AC01	BETNOVATE	B	Betamethasone (valerate) - 0.1%	0.1% w/w	Cream	279,519 L.L
L01EA05	ICLUSIG	B	Ponatinib - 45mg	45mg	Tablet, film coated	207,092,651 L.L
R01AA07	OTRIVIN	B	Xylometazoline HCl - 0.05%	0.05%	Solution	260,705 L.L
C01EB18	RANEXA	B	Ranolazine - 750mg	750mg	Tablet, prolonged release	3,985,837 L.L
C09BA04	BI-PRETERAX ARGININE	B	Perindopril arginine - 5mg, Indapamide - 1.25mg		Tablet, film coated	452,875 L.L