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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05CX01 ALDEX G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 170,630 L.L
B05CX01 ALDEX G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 182,720 L.L
B05CX01 ALDEX G Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 205,933 L.L
C05BB02 AETHOXYSKLEROL B Polidocanol (Lauromacrogol 400) - 0.5% 0.5% Injectable solution 1,441,943 L.L
C05BB02 AETHOXYSKLEROL B Polidocanol (Lauromacrogol 400) - 1% 1% Injectable solution 1,732,213 L.L
C05BB02 AETHOXYSKLEROL B Polidocanol (Lauromacrogol 400) - 3% 3% Injectable solution 2,576,146 L.L
A10AB01 ACTRAPID BioTech Insulin (human) - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable solution 752,552 L.L
A10AB01 ACTRAPID BioTech Insulin (human) - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable solution 752,552 L.L
J01MA14 AVALOX B Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 400mg/250ml 400mg/250ml Injectable solution 9,052,935 L.L
L04AB01 ALTEBREL BioTech Etanercept - 50mg/1ml 50mg/1ml Injectable solution 14,833,767 L.L
L04AB01 ALTEBREL BioTech Etanercept - 25mg/0.5ml 25mg/0.5ml Injectable solution 27,383,989 L.L
A10AB06 APIDRA SOLOSTAR BioTech Insulin glulisine - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable solution 3,942,834 L.L
A10AB06 APIDRA BioTech Insulin glulisine - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable solution 2,221,372 L.L
L04AB04 ABRILADA BioTech Adalimumab - 40mg 40mg Injectable solution 40,259,574 L.L
L04AB04 ABRILADA BioTech Adalimumab - 40mg 40mg Injectable solution 40,259,574 L.L
L04AB04 ADALIREL BioTech Adalimumab - 40mg 40mg Injectable solution 15,102,158 L.L
R03DA05 AMINOPHYLLINE RENAUDIN G Aminophylline - 250mg/10ml 2.5% Injectable solution 739,113 L.L
B03XA01 ALPEEN BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 10,000IU 10000IU Injectable solution 4,036,903 L.L
B03XA01 ALPEEN BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 10,000IU 10,000IU Injectable solution 10,661,285 L.L
L01BC01 ALEXAN G Cytarabine - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Injectable solution 388,370 L.L
L01BC01 ALEXAN G Cytarabine - 1,000mg/20ml 1,000mg/20ml Injectable solution 2,848,946 L.L
L04AC07 ACTEMRA BioTech Tocilizumab - 162mg/0.9ml 162mg/0.9ml Injectable solution 79,959,812 L.L
B03XA01 ALPEEN BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4000IU 4000IU Injectable solution 8,728,144 L.L
B03XA01 ALPEEN BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4000IU 4000IU Injectable solution 1,127,036 L.L
B03XA01 ALPEEN BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4000IU 4000IU Injectable solution 4,748,244 L.L
B03XA01 ALPEEN BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 40,000IU 40,000IU Injectable solution 11,210,836 L.L
B05AA01 ALBUTEIN BioHuman Human Albumin - 20% 20% Injectable solution 7,154,928 L.L
B05AA01 ALBUTEIN BioHuman Human Albumin - 20% Injectable solution 4,031,528 L.L
A03BA01 ATROPINE G Atropine sulfate - 1mg/ml 1mg/ml Injectable solution 702,149 L.L
A03BA01 ATROPINE SULFATE RENAUDIN G Atropine sulfate - 1mg/ml 0.1% Injectable solution 397,777 L.L
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