Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
D06BA02	CREM-O-SULFA	G	Sulfathiazole - 5%	5%	Cream	202,216 L.L
D06BA05	NEO SULFA	G	Sulfanilamide - 12g	12g	Powder	151,022 L.L
D06BA05	SULFANILAMIDE	G	Sulfanilamide - 12g	12g	Powder	151,022 L.L
D06BA51	IALUGEN PLUS	B	Silver sulfadiazine - 10mg/g, Sodium hyaluronate - 2mg/g		Cream	1,064,323 L.L
D06BA51	HYALO4 PLUS	G	Hyaluronic acid (sodium) - 0.2%, Silver sulfadiazine - 1%		Cream	466,313 L.L
D06BA51	IALUGEN PLUS	B	Silver sulfadiazine - 10mg/g, Sodium hyaluronate - 0.5mg/g		Gauze	1,463,444 L.L
D06BA51	SILVEZ PLUS	G	Silver sulfadiazine - , Chlorhexidine -		Cream	349,399 L.L
D06BB03	CIVAR	G	Aciclovir - 5%	5%	Cream	507,972 L.L
D06BB03	CYCLOVEX	G	Aciclovir - 50mg/g	50mg/g	Cream	267,489 L.L
D06BB10	ALDARA	B	Imiquimod - 5%	5%	Cream	6,301,277 L.L
D06BB10	GENIMOD	G	Imiquimod - 5%	5%	Cream	2,268,406 L.L
D06BB10	JEDARA	G	Imiquimod - 5%	5%	Cream	3,850,109 L.L
D06BB53	ACTI-VIR H	G	Aciclovir - 5%, Hydrocortisone acetate - 1%		Cream	833,182 L.L
D06BX01	ROZEX	B	Metronidazole - 0.75g/100g	0.75%	Gel	584,571 L.L
D06BX01	CUTIDERMINE	G	Metronidazole - 1%	1%	Gel	593,850 L.L
D07AA02	HYDROCORTISONE ACETATE	G	Hydrocortisone acetate - 1%	1%	Cream	215,015 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Cream	215,015 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Cream	215,015 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1%	0.1%	Lipocream	221,734 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1%	0.1%	Lipocream	221,734 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID CRELO 0.1%	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Emulsion	177,387 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID CRELO 0.1%	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g	0.1%	Emulsion	177,387 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1%	0.1%	Lotion	201,576 L.L
D07AB02	LOCOID	B	Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1%	0.1%	Lotion	201,576 L.L
D07AC01	BETNOVATE	B	Betamethasone - 0.1%	0.1%	Solution	235,172 L.L
D07AC01	BETNOVATE	B	Betamethasone (valerate) - 0.1%	0.1% w/w	Cream	279,519 L.L
D07AC01	BETASONE	G	Betamethasone (valerate) - 1mg/g	1mg/g	Cream	120,306 L.L
D07AC01	DIPROSONE	B	Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 0.5mg/g	0.05%	Cream	291,614 L.L
D07AC01	BETNOVATE	B	Betamethasone (valerate) - 0.1%	0.1% w/w	Ointment	279,519 L.L
D07AC04	FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDE	G	Fluocinolone acetonide - 0.25mg/g	0.25mg/g	Cream	296,925 L.L