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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A03FA03 NOVADOM G Domperidone - 10mg 10mg Tablet 278,175 L.L
A03FA03 PROKININ G Domperidone - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 221,734 L.L
A03FA03 MOTILIUM ORAL B Domperidone - 5mg/5ml 5mg/5ml Suspension 377,620 L.L
A03FA03 DOMIDONE CHAPHA SUGAR FREE G Domperidone - 5mg/5ml 5mg/5ml Suspension 319,963 L.L
A03FA03 FARCOTILIUM G Domperidone - 5mg/5ml 5mg/5ml Suspension 115,570 L.L
A03FA03 MOTIDOL ODT G Domperidone - 10mg 10mg Tablet, orodispersible 259,810 L.L
A03FA07 GANATON B Itopride Hydrochloride - 50mg 50mg Tablet 1,119,421 L.L
A03FA07 GANATON B Itopride Hydrochloride - 50mg 50mg Tablet 357,462 L.L
A03FA07 GAROPRIDE G Itopride Hydrochloride - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 213,671 L.L
A03FA08 CINITREX G Cinitapride - 1mg 1mg Tablet 636,981 L.L
A03FA09 MOSAR B Mosapride citrate - 5mg 5mg Tablet, coated 798,242 L.L
A04AA01 ZOFRAN B Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 8mg 8mg Tablet, film coated 6,061,174 L.L
A04AA01 APO-ONDANSETRON G Ondansetron - 8mg 8mg Tablet 1,491,665 L.L
A04AA01 NAUSETRON G Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 8mg 8mg Tablet, scored 1,023,880 L.L
A04AA01 NOZENTRIX G Ondansetron - 8mg 8mg Tablet, film coated 1,075,074 L.L
A04AA01 ONDAKEY G Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 8mg 8mg Tablet, film coated 2,241,529 L.L
A04AA01 ONDANSETRON BIOGARAN G Ondansetron - 8mg 8mg Tablet, coated 1,307,559 L.L
A04AA01 ONDANSETRON MEDIS G Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 8mg 8mg Tablet, film coated 748,520 L.L
A04AA01 ZOFRAN INJECTION B Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 4mg/2ml 4mg/2ml Injectable solution 6,971,989 L.L
A04AA01 ODNATRON G Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 4mg/2ml 4mg/2ml Injectable solution 880,217 L.L
A04AA01 ONDANSETRON HIKMA G Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 4mg/2ml 4mg/2ml Injectable solution 2,228,091 L.L
A04AA01 ONDANSETRON MEDIS G Ondansetron - 4mg/2ml 4mg/2ml Injectable solution 978,317 L.L
A04AA01 ONDANSETRON RENAUDIN G Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 4mg/2ml 4mg/2ml Injectable solution 2,964,517 L.L
A04AA01 ONDANSETRON VIANEX G Ondansetron (HCl) - 4mg/2ml 4mg/2ml Injectable solution 197,545 L.L
A04AA01 TRONDAMET G Ondansetron (HCl) - 4mg/2ml 4mg/2ml Injectable solution 2,027,858 L.L
A04AA01 ZOFRAN INJECTION B Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 8mg/4ml 8mg/4ml Injectable solution 9,338,600 L.L
A04AA01 ODNATRON G Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 8mg/4ml 8mg/4ml Injectable solution 952,784 L.L
A04AA01 ONDANSETRON HIKMA G Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 8mg/4ml 8mg/4ml Injectable solution 4,018,089 L.L
A04AA01 ONDANSETRON MEDIS G Ondansetron - 8mg/4ml 8mg/4ml Injectable solution 1,919,007 L.L
A04AA01 ONDANSETRON RENAUDIN G Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 8mg/4ml 8mg/4ml Injectable solution 4,345,987 L.L
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