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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C10AA05 ATORVAKEY-10 G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 362,837 L.L
C10AA05 ATORVASTATINE ARROW GENERIQUES G Atorvastatin - 10mg 10mg Tablet, coated 567,102 L.L
C10AA05 ATORVASTATINE ARROW GENERIQUES G Atorvastatin - 10mg 10mg Tablet, coated 567,102 L.L
S01EC04 AZOPT B Brinzolamide - 10mg/ml 10mg/ml Drops suspension 804,962 L.L
N02CC05 ALMOVITAE G Almotriptan - 12.5mg 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,148,985 L.L
M01AH05 ARCOXIA B Etoricoxib - 120mg 120mg Tablet, film coated 603,385 L.L
M01AH05 ARTRIX 120 G Etoricoxib - 120mg 120mg Tablet, film coated 511,940 L.L
M04AA03 ADENURIC B Febuxostat - 120mg 120mg Tablet, film coated 2,184,704 L.L
N02BE01 ADOL G Paracetamol - 125mg 125mg Suppository 107,507 L.L
N02BE01 ALGIVIC INFANT G Paracetamol - 125mg 125mg Suppository 199,657 L.L
A04AD12 APREPITANT BIOGARAN 125MG APREPITANT BIOGARAN 80MG G Aprepitant - 125mg, Aprepitant - 80mg 125mg Capsule 3,246,723 L.L
J01CA01 AMPICILLIN G Ampicillin (trihydrate) - 125mg/5ml 125mg/5ml Powder for suspension 174,060 L.L
J01CA01 ANTALPEN G Ampicillin (trihydrate) - 125mg/5ml 125mg/5ml Powder for suspension 174,060 L.L
L04AA31 AUBAGIO B Teriflunomide - 14mg 14mg Tablet, film coated 38,773,533 L.L
L04AA31 AUBAGIO B Teriflunomide - 14mg 14mg Tablet, film coated 38,773,533 L.L
L01EB02 APO-ERLOTINIB G Erlotinib (HCl) - 150mg 150mg Tablet 91,523,229 L.L
L01ED03 ALECENSA B Alectinib - 150mg 150mg Capsule, hard 490,837,809 L.L
C09CA04 APROVEL B Irbesartan - 150mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 651,764 L.L
C09CA04 APROVEL B Irbesartan - 150mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 651,764 L.L
C09CA04 ANDARAN G Irbesartan - 150mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 904,612 L.L
L01ED03 ALECENSA B Alectinib - 150mg 150mg Capsule, hard L.L
L01FD01 ARYOTRUST BioTech Trastuzumab - 150mg 150mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 21,176,745 L.L
M05BA06 ADROMUX G Ibandronic acid - 150mg 150mg Tablet, coated 821,088 L.L
M05BA07 APO-RISEDRONATE G Risedronate sodium - 150mg 150mg Tablet 1,034,759 L.L
J01CR02 AUGMENTIN B Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 125mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 31.25mg/5ml 156.25mg/5ml Powder for suspension 302,365 L.L
J01CR02 AMOCLAN G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 125mg/5ml, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 31.25mg/5ml 156mg/5ml Powder for suspension 159,917 L.L
A10BG03 ACTOS B Pioglitazone HCl - 15mg 15mg Tablet 1,243,054 L.L
N05AX12 ABIPREX 15 G Aripiprazole - 15mg 15mg Tablet 1,075,074 L.L
N05AX12 ATYPRAL G Aripiprazole - 15mg 15mg Tablet 712,237 L.L
R05CB06 API-MUCOL G Ambroxol HCl - 15mg/5ml 15mg/5ml Syrup 326,554 L.L
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