Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
H02AB02	DEXAMETHASONE MEDIS	G	Dexamethasone Phosphate - 4mg/1ml	4mg/1ml	Injectable solution	1,154,361 L.L
L01FG01	ZIRABEV	BioTech	Bevacizumab - 100mg/4ml	100mg/4ml	Injectable solution	14,800,115 L.L
A03BB01	ANTIPAN	G	Hyoscine N butylbromide - 20mg/ml		Injectable solution	2,557,140 L.L
B05BA01	AMINOVEN 10%	B	Glacial Acetic Acid 99% - 5.297g/l, L-Proline - 15.0g/l, L-Alanine - 15.0g/l, Glycine - 14.0g/l, L-Histidine - 3.00g/l, L-Arginine - 12.0g/l, L-Valine - 6.20g/l, L-Tryptophan - 2.00g/l, L-Threonine - 4.40g/l, L-Phenylalanine - 5.10g/l, L-Methionine - 4.30g/l, L-Lysine (monoacetate) - 6.60g/l, L-Leucine - 7.40g/l, L-Isoleucine - 5.00g/l		Injectable solution	951,440 L.L
B05XA03	0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%	0.45%	Injectable solution	176,974 L.L
C07AG01	LABETALOL HYDROCHLORIDE INJECTION	G	Labetalol HCl - 100mg/20ml	100mg/20ml	Injectable solution	2,955,110 L.L
L01FG02	CYRAMZA	BioTech	Ramucirumab - 100mg/10ml	100mg/10ml	Injectable solution	47,779,251 L.L
N02BG06	ACUPAN	B	Nefopam HCl - 20mg	20mg	Injectable solution	365,525 L.L
A03BB01	SCOBUREN	G	Butylscopolamine bromide - 20mg/ml	20mg/ml	Injectable solution	370,901 L.L
B05BA01	AMINOVEN INFANT	B	L-Leucine - 13g/l, L-Isoleucine - 8g/l, L-Lysine Acetate - 12g/l, L-Methionine - 3.12g/l, L-Phenylalanine - 3.75g/l, L-Threonine - 4.40g/l, L-Tryptophan - 2.01g/l, L-Valine - 9g/l, Arginine - 7.5g/l, L-Histidine - 4.76g/l, Glycine - 4.15g/l, L-Taurine - 0.40g/l, L-Serine - 7.67g/l, L-Alanine - 9.3g/l, L-Proline - 9.71g/l, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine - 5.176g/l, N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine - 0.70g/l, L-Malic Acid - 2.62g/l	10%	Injectable solution	880,217 L.L
B05XA03	0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%	0.45%	Injectable solution	137,902 L.L
L01FG02	CYRAMZA	BioTech	Ramucirumab - 500mg/50ml	500mg/50ml	Injectable solution	218,656,548 L.L
N02BG06	NEO-PAN	G	Nefopam HCl - 20mg/ml	20mg/ml	Injectable solution	494,534 L.L
A03BB01	SCOPINAL	G	Butylscopolamine bromide - 20mg/ml	20mg/ml	Injectable solution	178,731 L.L
B05BA01	AMINOPLASMAL B. BRAUN	B	Amino acids - 10%	10%	Injectable solution	1,036,103 L.L
B05XA03	0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%	0.45%	Injectable solution	155,139 L.L
A03BB01	? HYOSCINE BUTYLBROMIDE	G	Hyoscine butylbromide - 20mg/ml	20mg/ml	Injectable solution	70,392 L.L
B05XA03	HYPOTONIC SALINE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%	0.45%	Injectable solution	149,393 L.L
L01FX04	YERVOY	BioTech	Ipilimumab - 50mg/10ml	50mg/10ml	Injectable solution	332,262,937 L.L
B05XA03	HYPOTONIC SALINE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%	0.45%	Injectable solution	163,184 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%	0.45%	Injectable solution	133,856 L.L
G02AX	OXYTOCIN 10 PANPHARMA 10 UI-1ML	G	Oxytocin - 10IU/ml	10IU/ml	Injectable solution	525,442 L.L
B01AB01	HEPARINE MEDIS	G	Heparin sodium - 25,000UI/5ml	25,000UI/5ml	Injectable solution	6,853,597 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%	0.45%	Injectable solution	149,393 L.L
G02AX	OXYTOCIN 10 PANPHARMA 10 UI-1ML	G	Oxytocin - 10IU/ml	10IU/ml	Injectable solution	525,442 L.L
L04AX03	METOJECT	G	Methotrexate disodium - 10mg/0.2ml	10mg/0.2ml	Injectable solution	1,553,482 L.L
B01AB01	HEPARINE SODIQUE PANPHARMA	G	Heparin sodium - 25,000IU/5ml	25,000IU/5ml	Injectable solution	6,134,641 L.L
B05XA03	SODIUM CHLORIDE	G	Sodium chloride - 0.45%	0.45%	Injectable solution	163,184 L.L
L04AX03	EBETREXAT	G	Methotrexate - 15mg/1.5ml	15mg/1.5ml	Injectable solution	2,135,366 L.L
B01AB05	ENOMEX	BioTech	Enoxaparin sodium - 4000U Anti-Xa/0.4ml	4000U Anti-Xa/0.4ml	Injectable solution	753,832 L.L