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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05XA02 SODIUM BICARBONATE G Sodium bicarbonate - 4.2g/100ml 4.2g/100ml Injectable solution 742,370 L.L
C07AA07 SOTALOL BIOGARAN G Sotalol hydrochloride - 160mg 160mg Tablet, scored 357,462 L.L
B05XA02 SODIUM BICARBONATE G Sodium bicarbonate - 8.4g/100ml 8.4% Injectable solution 959,565 L.L
C07AA07 SOTALOL BIOGARAN G Sotalol hydrochloride - 80mg 80mg Tablet, scored 288,926 L.L
N05AH04 SEROPINE 25 G Quetiapine fumarate - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,233,647 L.L
B05XA02 SODIUM BICARBONATE G Sodium bicarbonate - 1.4g/100ml 1.4g/100ml Injectable solution 258,887 L.L
N05AH04 SEROPINE 100 G Quetiapine fumarate - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 1,996,950 L.L
J02AC01 STABILANOL G Fluconazole - 2mg/ml 2mg/ml Injectable solution 1,242,583 L.L
N05AH04 SEROPINE XR 300 G Quetiapine fumarate - 300mg 300mg Tablet, extended release 4,744,660 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 156,288 L.L
J02AC01 STABILANOL G Fluconazole - 100mg 100mg Capsule 1,377,771 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 165,482 L.L
N02CC01 SUMAREX G Sumatriptan (succinate) - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 1,088,512 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 176,974 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 163,184 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 156,288 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 4,143,943 L.L
A02BC05 SOLEZOL G Esomeprazole - 40mg 40mg Injectable powder for solution 301,021 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 3,985,356 L.L
M03BX04 STIFFANO G Tolperisone - 150mg 150mg Tablet 651,764 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 5,566,628 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 519,736 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 167,780 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 167,780 L.L
R05C SULDEX G Caffein anyhdrous - 0.216g, Antipyrine - 0.972g, Potassium sulfaguaiacolate - 1.44g Syrup 152,302 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 166,708 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 174,553 L.L
A02BX02 SUCRATE GEL G Sucralfate - 1g 1g Gel 636,981 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 188,772 L.L
J02AC01 STABILANOL G Fluconazole - 150mg 150mg Capsule 254,557 L.L
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