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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 20% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 20% 20% Injectable solution 183,869 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 158,587 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 171,228 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 193,062 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 171,228 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 5% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 158,587 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 7.5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 7.5% 7.5% Injectable solution 148,566 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 7.5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 7.5% 7.5% Injectable solution 179,456 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 7.5% INJECTION USP G Glucose - 7.5% 7.5% Injectable solution 163,184 L.L
C05CA53 DAFLON B Hesperidin - 100mg, Diosmin - 900mg Tablet, film coated 1,256,493 L.L
C05CA53 DAFLON B Hesperidin - 50mg, Diosmin - 450mg Tablet, film coated 627,574 L.L
C05CA53 DAFLON B Hesperidin - 50mg, Diosmin - 450mg Tablet, film coated 1,191,988 L.L
D07XA01 DAKTACORT B Hydrocortisone - 10mg/g, Miconazole nitrate - 20mg/g Cream 208,296 L.L
P01BA02 DOLQUINE G Hydroxychloroquine sulfate - 200mg 200mg Tablet, coated 1,191,988 L.L
L01EL01 DULLARMA G Ibrutinib - 140mg 140mg Capsule, hard L.L
L01EL01 DULLARMA G Ibrutinib - 140mg 140mg Capsule, hard 422,860,803 L.L
M01AE01 DIMIDON G Ibuprofen - 20mg/ml 20mg/ml Suspension 483,783 L.L
M01AE01 DOLORAZ 400 G Ibuprofen - 400mg 400mg Capsule 295,645 L.L
B05XB02 DIPEPTIVEN B L-alanine-L-Glutamine - 20g/100ml 20g/100ml Injectable concentrated solution 2,940,456 L.L
A06AD11 DULACTA G Lactulose - 3.335g/5ml 3.335g/5ml Solution 298,205 L.L
A06AD11 DULACTA G Lactulose - 3.335g/5ml 3.335g/5ml Solution 566,974 L.L
A06AD11 DUPHALAC B Lactulose - 6.7g/10ml 6.7g/10ml Solution 454,219 L.L
J05AR24 DELSTRIGO B Lamivudine - 300mg, Tenofovir disoproxil - 300mg, Doravirine - 100mg Tablet, film coated 48,879,793 L.L
J05AR27 DOLUTEGRAVIR/LAMIVUDINE/TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE G Lamivudine - 300mg, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate - 300mg, Dolutegravir - 50mg Tablet 54,836,160 L.L
N05AL07 DISLEP G Levosulpiride - 25mg 25mg Tablet 1,690,682 L.L
N01BB52 DILOCAIN 2% G Lidocaine HCl - 20mg/1.7ml, Epinephrine (bitartrate) - 0.0125mg/1.7ml Injectable solution 2,768,316 L.L
M01AX DORIXINA B Lysine clonixinate - 125mg 125mg Tablet 326,554 L.L
M03BX DORIXINA RELAX B Lysine clonixinate - 125mg, Cyclobenzaprine HCl - 5mg Tablet, film coated 581,884 L.L
M01BX DORIXINA B1B6B12 B Lysine clonixinate - 125mg, Vitamin B1 - 50mg, Vitamin B6 - 30mg, Vitamin B12 - 50mcg Tablet, film coated 804,962 L.L
A03AA04 DUSPATALIN RETARD B Mebeverine HCl - 200mg 200mg Capsule 861,466 L.L
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