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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
R01BA53 AURIMEL B Phenylephrine HCl - 5mg/5ml, Sodium citrate - 325mg/5ml, Carbinoxamine maleate - 2mg/5ml, Dextromethorphan HBr - 5mg/5ml Syrup 319,963 L.L
A07EC02 ASACOL B Mesalazine - 400mg 400mg Tablet, enteric coated 5,895,437 L.L
R06AX27 AERIUS B Desloratadine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 430,030 L.L
L01EG02 AFINITOR B Everolimus - 5mg 5mg Tablet 142,948,873 L.L
R06AX27 AERIUS B Desloratadine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 430,030 L.L
A07EC02 ASACOL B Mesalazine - 800mg 800mg Tablet 6,833,439 L.L
L01EG02 AFINITOR B Everolimus - 10mg 10mg Tablet 205,782,764 L.L
C03DA01 ALDACTONE B Spironolactone - 100mg 100mg Tablet 458,250 L.L
J07BC02 AVAXIM PEDIATRIQUE (vaccin inactivé de l'hépatite A adsorbé) B Hepatitis A, inactivated, whole virus - 80 antigen units/0.5ml 80 antigen units/0.5ml Injectable suspension 1,531,980 L.L
A07EC02 ASACOL B Mesalazine - 500mg 500mg Suppository 1,703,992 L.L
C03DA01 ALDACTONE B Spironolactone - 25mg 25mg Tablet 237,860 L.L
N02BA01 ASPIRINE B Acetylsalicylic acid - 300mg 0.3g Tablet 80,631 L.L
C09CA04 APROVEL B Irbesartan - 150mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 651,764 L.L
N02BA51 ASPIRINE C EFFERVESCENT B Acetylsalicylic acid - 400mg, Vitamin C - 240mg Tablet, effervescent 162,605 L.L
C09CA04 APROVEL B Irbesartan - 150mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 651,764 L.L
R06AX27 AERIUS B Desloratadine - 0.5mg/ml 0.5mg/ml Solution 403,153 L.L
L04AA13 ARAVA B Leflunomide - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 2,230,779 L.L
L04AA13 ARAVA B Leflunomide - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 3,346,168 L.L
A07EC02 ASACOL B Mesalazine - 1g/100ml 1g/100ml Enema 2,748,158 L.L
M01AE51 ADVIL COLD & SINUS B Ibuprofen - 200mg, Pseudoephedrine HCl - 30mg Caplet, coated 288,926 L.L
A07EC02 ASACOL B Mesalazine - 1600mg 1600mg Tablet, modified release 8,454,523 L.L
C09CA04 APROVEL B Irbesartan - 300mg 300mg Tablet, film coated 651,764 L.L
A07EC02 ASACOL B Mesalazine - 1600mg 1600mg Tablet, modified release 12,310,378 L.L
C09CA04 APROVEL B Irbesartan - 300mg 300mg Tablet, film coated 651,764 L.L
C05A ANTROLIN B Nifedipine - 0.3%, Lidocaine - 1.5% Cream 1,333,092 L.L
J07BX05 ABRYSVO B RSV subgroup A stabilized perfusion F antigen 60mcg - 60mcg, RSV subgroup B stabilized perfusion F antigen 60mcg - 60mcg, Glycoprotein F stabilized in the perfusion conformation - Injectable powder + solvent 22,650,721 L.L
D10AD06 AKLIEF B Trifarotene - 50mcg/g 50mcg/g Cream 4,359,425 L.L
C09CA06 ATACAND B Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg 8mg Tablet 526,786 L.L
L04AA31 AUBAGIO B Teriflunomide - 14mg 14mg Tablet, film coated 38,773,533 L.L
L04AD02 ADVAGRAF B Tacrolimus monohydrate - 1mg 1mg Capsule, prolonged release L.L
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