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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J05AB11 VALACICLOVIR ARROW G Valaciclovir - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated, breakable 2,889,261 L.L
J05AB11 VALCYK BENTA G Valaciclovir - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 4,318,214 L.L
J05AB11 VALCYK BENTA G Valaciclovir - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 945,809 L.L
L01XG01 VELZOME G Bortezomib - 3.5mg 3.5mg Injectable powder for solution 17,462,517 L.L
J05AB14 VAGLONAX G Valganciclovir (HCl) - 450mg 450mg Tablet, film coated 49,858,549 L.L
J05AB14 VALGANCICLOVIR ARROW G Valganciclovir (HCl) - 450mg 450mg Tablet, coated 44,309,215 L.L
C09DX01 VIOSTAN AM PLUS 160/5/25 G Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,196,020 L.L
J05AF05 VICONDINE G Lamivudine - 150mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 3,573,725 L.L
C09DX01 VIOSTAN AM PLUS 160/10/12.5 G Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,196,020 L.L
C09DX01 VIOSTAN AM PLUS 160/10/25 G Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,196,020 L.L
D05AA VASELINE ICHTYOLEE G Ichthyamol - 10% 10% Ointment 103,668 L.L
C09DX01 VIOSTAN AM PLUS 160/5/12.5 G Valsartan - 160mg, Amlodipine - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 1,196,020 L.L
C09DX01 VIOSTAN AM PLUS 320/10/25 G Valsartan - 320mg, Amlodipine - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 25mg Tablet, film coated 1,881,380 L.L
J01AA08 VULGA XR G Minocycline - 105mg 105mg Tablet, film coated 3,682,128 L.L
J01AA08 VULGA XR G Minocycline - 80mg 80mg Tablet, film coated 2,832,820 L.L
J01AA08 VULGA XR G Minocycline - 55mg 55mg Tablet, film coated 1,983,512 L.L
N03AX12 VOLAR G Gabapentin - 300mg 300mg Capsule 1,100,607 L.L
J05AH02 VIRIFLU G Oseltamivir - 75mg 75mg Capsule 1,371,615 L.L
A04AA01 VOMITRON G Ondansetron (HCl) - 4mg/5ml 4mg/5ml Solution 858,779 L.L
A10BD08 VILDIAB M 50/1000 G Metformin HCl - 1000mg, Vildagliptin - 50mg Tablet, film coated 1,029,383 L.L
A04AA01 VOMITRON G Ondansetron (HCl) - 4mg/5ml 4mg/5ml Solution 304,604 L.L
A10BD08 VLUDIN MET G Metformin HCl - 1000mg, Vildagliptin - 50mg Tablet, film coated 735,914 L.L
C10AA01 VASCOR G Simvastatin - 10mg 10mg Tablet, scored 284,127 L.L
M01AB05 VOLDEN G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg/3ml 75mg/3ml Injectable solution 422,351 L.L
A04AA01 VOMITRON G Ondansetron - 16mg 16mg Suppository 578,492 L.L
A10BD08 VILDIAB M 50/850 G Metformin HCl - 850mg, Vildagliptin - 50mg Tablet, film coated 1,029,383 L.L
M01AB05 VOTREX G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg/3ml 75mg/3ml Injectable solution 345,368 L.L
A04AA01 VOMITRON G Ondansetron - 16mg 16mg Suppository 304,604 L.L
A10BD08 VLUDIN MET G Metformin HCl - 850mg, Vildagliptin - 50mg Tablet, film coated 735,914 L.L
J05AR06 VITRICOMB G Emtricitabine - 200mg, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate - 300mg, Efavirenz - 600mg Tablet, film coated 22,191,783 L.L
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