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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C02AC05 CYNT B Moxonidine - 0.3mg 0.3mg Tablet, film coated 1,218,134 L.L
C09BB02 ZANIPRESS B Lercanidipine HCl - 10mg, Enalapril maleate - 10mg Tablet, film coated 2,280,949 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROBAY B Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 654,451 L.L
J07AH08 MENACTRA MENINGOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE DIPHTERIA TOXOID CONJUGATE VACCINE B Meningococcal Polysaccharides (serogroups A, C, Y and W-135) - 4mcg/0.5ml each, Diphteria Toxoid Protein - 48mcg/0.5ml Injectable solution 6,144,048 L.L
N02AJ14 LENIZAK B Tramadol HCl - 75mg, Dexketoprofen - 25mg Tablet, film coated 494,534 L.L
N06AB08 FAVERIN B Fluvoxamine maleate - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film-scored 1,291,433 L.L
R06AX27 AERIUS B Desloratadine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 430,030 L.L
C02AC05 CYNT B Moxonidine - 0.4mg 0.4mg Tablet, film coated 1,218,134 L.L
C09BB04 COVERAM B Perindopril arginine - 5mg, Amlodipine - 5mg Tablet 821,088 L.L
D07AC14 ADVANTAN B Methylprednisolone aceponate - 1mg/g 1mg/g Ointment 385,683 L.L
J07AH08 NIMENRIX B Polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis (serogroups A, C, Y and W-135) conjugated - 5mcg/0.5ml, Tetanus toxoid carrier protein - 44mcg/0.5ml Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent 4,483,059 L.L
L01EF01 IBRANCE B Palbociclib - 100mg 100mg Capsule 172,164,216 L.L
M01AE02 PROXEN 250 B Naproxen - 250mg 250mg Tablet, film coated 542,912 L.L
N02AX02 TRAMAL B Tramadol HCl - 50mg 50mg Capsule 349,399 L.L
N03AX18 VIMPAT B Lacosamide - 10mg/ml 10mg/ml Injectable solution 13,225,715 L.L
N06AB10 CIPRALEX B Escitalopram (oxalate) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 1,548,107 L.L
R06AX27 AERIUS B Desloratadine - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 430,030 L.L
A10BD20 SYNJARDY B Empagliflozin - 12.5mg, Metformin HCl - 1000mg 12.5mg/1000mg Tablet, film coated 3,156,820 L.L
B01AF01 XARELTO B Rivaroxaban - 15mg 15mg Tablet, film coated 4,440,862 L.L
C02CA04 CARDULAR B Doxazosin (mesylate) - 4mg 4mg Tablet 755,239 L.L
D07AC14 ADVANTAN B Methylprednisolone aceponate - 1mg/g 1mg/g Cream 385,683 L.L
G04BE03 VIAGRA B Sildenafil (citrate) - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 2,089,675 L.L
J01CR02 AUGMENTIN B Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 875mg, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 125mg 1g Tablet 739,202 L.L
L01EF01 IBRANCE B Palbociclib - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 172,164,216 L.L
N02AX02 TRAMAL 100MG B Tramadol HCl - 100mg/2ml 100mg/2ml Injectable solution 243,235 L.L
R02AA20 HEXASPRAY COLLUTOIRE PRESSURISE B Biclotymol - 750mg 750mg Spray 353,431 L.L
A06AB58 PICOPREP B Magnesium oxide - 3.5g, Citric acid - 12g, Sodium picosulfate - 10mg Powder 694,767 L.L
A10BD20 SYNJARDY B Empagliflozin - 12.5mg, Metformin HCl - 1000mg 12.5mg/1000mg Tablet, film coated 3,156,820 L.L
C09BB04 COVERAM B Perindopril arginine - 10mg, Amlodipine - 5mg Tablet 1,116,733 L.L
J07AJ51 BOOSTRIX B Diphteria toxoid purified - ?2.5Lf/0.5ml, Tetanus toxoid purified - ?5Lf/0.5ml, Bordetella Pertussis Antigens: toxoid - 8mcg/0.5ml, Bordetella Pertussis Antigens: filamentous haemagglutinin - 8mcg/0.5ml, Pertactine - 2.5mcg Al3+/0.5ml, Aluminium hydroxide - 0.3mg Al3+/0.5ml, Aluminium Phosphate - 0.2mg/0.5ml Injectable suspension 1,394,909 L.L
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