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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C01DX12 CORVASAL 4MG B Molsidomine - 4mg 4mg Tablet 492,742 L.L
A10BD13 VIPDOMET B Metformin HCl - 500mg, Alogliptin benzoate - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 3,112,339 L.L
B01AC27 UPTRAVI B Selexipag - 1000mcg 1000mcg Tablet, film coated 275,097,581 L.L
D06BB10 ALDARA B Imiquimod - 5% 5% Cream 6,301,277 L.L
G03HB01 DIANE '35' B Ethinylestradiol - 0.035mg, Cyproterone acetate - 2mg Tablet 494,534 L.L
J01FA09 KLACID RM B Clarithromycin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, modified release 1,173,175 L.L
J05AX12 TIVICAY B Dolutegravir - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 54,508,037 L.L
L01EA02 SPRYCEL B Dasatinib - 50mg 50mg Tablet 212,274,841 L.L
V06DD KETOSTERIL B Calcium - 0.05g, Total nitrogen - 36mg, L-Tyrosine - 30mg, L-Histidine - 38mg, L-Tryptophan - 23mg, L-Threonine - 53mg, L-Lysine Monoacetate - 105mg, Alpha Hydroxyanalogue-DL-Methionine, Calcium Salt - 59mg, Alpha Ketoanalogue-Valine,Calcium Salt - 86mg, Alpha Ketoanalogue-Phenylalanine,Calcium Salt - 68mg, Alpha-Ketoanalogue- Leucine,Calcium Salt - 101mg, Alpha-Ketoanalogue-DL-isoleucine,Calcium Salt - 67mg Tablet, film coated 3,950,897 L.L
A04AA55 AKYNZEO B Palonosetron - 0.5mg, Netupitant - 300mg Capsule, hard 7,364,372 L.L
A10BD13 VIPDOMET B Metformin HCl - 1,000mg, Alogliptin benzoate - 12.5mg Tablet, film coated 3,304,509 L.L
B01AC27 UPTRAVI B Selexipag - 1200mcg 1200mcg Tablet, film coated 275,097,581 L.L
J05AX18 PREVYMIS B Letermovir - 240mg 240mg Tablet, film coated 460,943,945 L.L
L02BB03 CASODEX B Bicalutamide - 150mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 10,863,782 L.L
R06AB54 ALERGICAL EXPECTORANT B Chlorpheniramine maleate - 50mg/100ml, Guaifenesin - 2000mg/100ml, Dihydroxypropyltheophylline - 500mg/100ml, Paracetamol - 2000mg/100ml Syrup 485,127 L.L
A04AD GRAVOL B Dimenhydrinate - 15mg/5ml 15mg/5ml Liquid 258,018 L.L
A10BD15 XIGDUO XR B Metformin HCl XR - 1000mg, Dapagliflozin - 5mg Tablet 3,867,041 L.L
B01AC27 UPTRAVI B Selexipag - 1400mcg 1400mcg Tablet, film coated 275,097,581 L.L
C09AA05 TRITACE B Ramipril - 5mg 5mg Tablet 509,316 L.L
J05AX18 PREVYMIS B Letermovir - 480mg 480mg Tablet, film coated 961,233,292 L.L
L02BB04 XTANDI B Enzalutamide - 40mg 40mg Capsule, soft 267,649,535 L.L
A04AD GRAVOL B Dimenhydrinate - 50mg 50mg Tablet 163,949 L.L
B01AC27 UPTRAVI B Selexipag - 1600mcg 1600mcg Tablet, film coated 275,097,581 L.L
G04B FONCITRIL 4000 B Citric acid - 1.189g, Potassium Citrate - 1.73g, Sodium citrate - 1.845g Granules 1,613,955 L.L
J05AX18 PREVYMIS B Letermovir - 240mg/12ml 240mg/12ml Injectable concentrate for solution 25,111,114 L.L
A04AD GRAVOL B Dimenhydrinate - 100mg 100mg Suppository 294,302 L.L
D06BX01 ROZEX B Metronidazole - 0.75g/100g 0.75% Gel 584,571 L.L
G04BC URALYT-U B Potassium Sodium Hydrogen Citrate - 2427.7mg 2427.7mg Granules 1,351,906 L.L
L02BB05 ERLEADA B Apalutamide - 60mg 60mg Tablet, film coated 254,089,146 L.L
N05CF02 STILNOX B Zolpidem (tartrate) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated, scored 96,757 L.L
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