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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A11CC05 CHOLECALCIFEROL BIOGARAN G Vitamin D3 - 100,000UI/2ml 100,000UI Solution 115,570 L.L
L01BC01 CYTU G Cytarabine - 1000mg/10ml 1000mg/10ml Injectable solution 2,230,779 L.L
H01BB03 CARBETOCINA GP-PHARM G Carbetocin - 100mcg 100mcg Injectable solution 9,041,227 L.L
C09CA01 COZAAR B Losartan potassium - 100mg 100mg Tablet 1,740,596 L.L
M01AH01 CELECOXIB BIOGARAN G Celecoxib - 100mg 100mg Capsule 318,491 L.L
L01EL02 CALQUENCE B Acalabrutinib - 100mg 100mg Capsule 650,653,454 L.L
N05AA01 CHLORPROMAZINE G Chlorpromazine HCl - 100mg 100mg Tablet 529,858 L.L
N05AA01 CHLORPROMAZINE G Chlorpromazine HCl - 100mg 100mg Tablet 8,719,720 L.L
N05AH02 CLOZAPINE PANPHARMA G Clozapine - 100mg 100mg Tablet, scored 808,993 L.L
N02BE51 COQUELUSEDAL PARACETAMOL G Paracetamol - 100mg, Grindelia extract - 10mg, Gelsenium extract - 5mg 100mg Suppository 575,270 L.L
G01AA10 CLINDAMYCIN G Clindamycin - 100mg 100mg Ovule 712,876 L.L
G01AF02 CANAGYN G Clotrimazole - 100mg 100mg Tablet 229,797 L.L
J01DD13 CEFODOX G Cefpodoxime (proxetil) - 100mg 100mg Tablet 434,061 L.L
J01DD13 CEFPODOXIME ARROW LAB G Cefpodoxime (proxetil) - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 499,909 L.L
J02AC05 CRESEMBA B Isavuconazonium sulfate - 100mg 100mg Capsule, hard 69,290,804 L.L
M01AB05 CLOREN ADULTS G Diclofenac sodium - 100mg 100mg Suppository 598,970 L.L
L01EA01 CEMIVIL G Imatinib - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 12,763,090 L.L
L01FG02 CYRAMZA BioTech Ramucirumab - 100mg/10ml 100mg/10ml Injectable solution 47,779,251 L.L
V03AF03 CALCIUMFOLINAT EBEWE G Calcium folinate - 100mg/10ml 100mg/10ml Injectable solution 1,289,872 L.L
N05AF05 CLOPIXOL ACUPHASE B Zuclopenthixol acetate - 100mg/2ml 100mg/2ml Injectable solution 857,372 L.L
J01DD08 CEFIX G Cefixime (trihydrate) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Powder for suspension 349,399 L.L
J01DD08 CEFIX G Cefixime (trihydrate) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Powder for suspension 700,142 L.L
J01DD08 CEFIXIME NEOCEF G Cefixime (trihydrate) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Suspension 692,079 L.L
J01DD13 CEFODOX G Cefpodoxime (proxetil) - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Powder for suspension 735,082 L.L
M01AE01 CHILDREN'S ADVIL B Ibuprofen - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Suspension 370,901 L.L
M01AE01 CAPTAIN G Ibuprofen - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Suspension 335,321 L.L
N06BX06 CEROLINE G Citicoline - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Solution 894,615 L.L
N03AG01 CONVULEX G Sodium valproate - 100mg/ml 100mg/ml Injectable solution 4,441,399 L.L
B05XA01 CHLORURE DE POTASSIUM RENAUDIN G Potassium chloride - 10g/100ml 10g/100ml Injectable solution 360,150 L.L
A12AA03 CALCIUM GLUCONATE G Calcium gluconate - 10g/100ml 10g/100ml Injectable solution 763,056 L.L
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