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Coronavirus: invasive/novel

Generalities
Agent Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause diseases ranging from the common cold to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1) Classical coronavirus: viruses that can infect humans and animals.
- Human coronavirus (HCoV): causing mild illness (229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1...)
- Animal coronavirus: may infect pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats and cattle. They cause acute and chronic diseases in animals such as respiratory and gastro-enteric diseases, neurologic diseases, and liver disease.
2) Novel coronavirus:
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) who caused a large outbreak in 2002-2003.
- Middle East respiratory syndrome–Novel Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): first identified in 2012
- Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Incubation period - HCoV: 2-4 days
- SARS-CoV: 2-10 days (mean; 5 days)
- MERS-CoV: 2-14 days
- COVID-19: 4-7 days (up to 14 days)
Period of transmissibility - HCoV: during the active disease
- SARS-CoV: from onset to 21 days
- MERS-CoV: during illness. The duration of infectivity after resolution of symptoms is unknown.
- COVID-19: usually during illness
Reservoir - HCoV: Humans
- SARS-CoV: cave-dwelling bats (genus Rhinolophus), Himalayan masked palm civet (Paguma larvata), other wildlife animals
- MERS-CoV: may be camels and bats
Modes of transmission - HCoV: person-to-person transmission via repiratory droplets, aerosls, fecal oral route, fomites
- SARS-CoV: 1) Animal-to-person; 2) Person-to-person: while caring for, or living with a patient; via respiratory secretions, via body fluids; or airborne (aerosolized sewage, mechanical ventilation...)
- MERS-CoV: 1) Limited person-to-person transmission: close contact, when providing unprotected care to a patient; 2) Suspected animal-to-person transmission via droplet contact, fomite transmission, food-borne, airbone
- COVID-19: 1) Person-to-person: droplets (directly or indirectly), aerosol generating medical procedures, 2) Animal-to-peron
Clinical presentation - HCoV: usually self-limited illness as upper respiratory infection, otitis media, gastroenteritis. Complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, peritonitis...
- SARS-CoV: pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Global case fatality in 2003: 10%.
- MERS-CoV: usually, acute lower respiratory infection with or without gastrointestinal symptoms. It may be asymptomatic. The illness may be severe in people with chronic medical conditions. It may evolve to respiratory failure, organ failure (as renal failure), septic shock... Global case fatality: 27%.
- COVID-19: usually acute respiratory infection
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 35 (2012): SARS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 37 (2014): MERS-CoV
- MOPH circular no. 42 (2020): COVID-19
Forms - General reporting form
- Novel Coronavirus reporting form
- Laboratory request form
- Patient transfert request form
- SARS-CoV investigation form
- MERS-CoV investigation form
Data - SARS-CoV: No SARS-CoV was detected in Lebanon in 2003
- MERS-CoV: 2 cases detected and confirmed in 2014 and 2017
- COVID-19: Daily report on COVID-19
Other Resources - Specimen collection for COVID-19
- Questions and Answers
- Presentation: coronavirus, A, E
- Presentation: resources, A, E
- Presentation: questions and answers, A, E
- Presentation: case definition, A, E
- Presentation: specimen collection, A, E
- Presentation: areas with community transmission, A, E
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A12AA03 CALCIUM GLUCONATE G Calcium gluconate - 10g/100ml 10g/100ml Injectable solution 6,867,500 L.L
B05XA07 CALCIUM CHLORIDE G Calcium chloride - 10g/100ml 10g/100ml Injectable solution 5,436,771 L.L
J06BA02 CLAIRYG BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin G - 50mg/ml 10g/200ml Injectable solution 74,469,269 L.L
C10AA07 CRESTOR B Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 804,962 L.L
C10AA07 CONSIVAS 10 G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 450,187 L.L
C10AA07 CRESOTAB G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 517,379 L.L
C10AA07 CRESULIP 10 G Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 575,933 L.L
D10BA01 CURACNE G Isotretinoin - 10mg 10mg Capsule, soft gelatin 970,254 L.L
D10BA01 CURACNE G Isotretinoin - 10mg 10mg Capsule, soft gelatin 970,254 L.L
C07AB07 CONCOR B Bisoprolol fumarate - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 1,131,843 L.L
C07AB07 CARDIOSAFE 10 G Bisoprolol fumarate - 10mg 10mg Tablet, coated 610,104 L.L
R06AE07 CETALLERG G Cetirizine (dihydrochloride) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 180,075 L.L
R06AE07 CETIMED G Cetirizine (dihydrochloride) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, scored 360,918 L.L
R06AE07 CETRAK G Cetirizine (dihydrochloride) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 147,823 L.L
C09AA04 COVERSYL ARGININE B Perindopril arginine - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 452,875 L.L
R06AX13 CLARITINE B Loratadine (micronised) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 219,046 L.L
R06AX13 CLARITINE B Loratadine (micronised) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 618,168 L.L
R06AX13 CLARA G Loratadine (micronised) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 131,697 L.L
N06AB10 CIPRALEX B Escitalopram (oxalate) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 1,548,107 L.L
N06AB10 CITOLES G Escitalopram (oxalate) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 511,940 L.L
N06AB10 CITOXAL G Escitalopram (oxalate) - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 1,410,395 L.L
H01AC01 CINNATROPIN BioTech Somatropin recombinant - 10mg/1.5ml 10mg/1.5ml Injectable solution 9,012,607 L.L
L01XA01 CISPLATINE VIATRIS 1MG/ML G Cisplatin - 10mg/10ml 10mg/10ml Injectable concentrated solution 396,936 L.L
A03FA01 CHLORHYDRATE DE METOCLOPRAMIDE RENAUDIN G Metoclopramide HCl - 10mg/2ml 10mg/2ml Injectable solution 530,818 L.L
S01FA04 CICLOPLEGICEDOL G Cyclopentolate HCl - 10mg/ml 10mg/ml Drops solution 459,594 L.L
L01CD04 CABAZITAXEL EVER PHARMA G Cabazitaxel - 60mg/6ml 10mg/ml Injectable concentrate for solution 54,531,485 L.L
L01CD04 CABAZITAXEL EVER PHARMA G Cabazitaxel - 60mg/6ml 10mg/ml Injectable concentrate for solution L.L
C07AG02 CARVEDILOL ARROW G Carvedilol - 12.5mg 12.5mg Tablet, film coated, scored 364,181 L.L
M01AB05 CLOREN G Diclofenac sodium - 12.5mg 12.5mg Suppository 353,239 L.L
M01AH05 CLINTON G Etoricoxib - 120mg 120mg Tablet, film coated 362,837 L.L
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