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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
M01AE01 FEVERAL G Ibuprofen - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Suspension 309,724 L.L
R06AX26 FENADEX 120 G Fexofenadine HCl - 120mg 120mg Tablet, coated 295,645 L.L
R06AX26 FENADEX 180 G Fexofenadine HCl - 180mg 180mg Tablet, coated 295,645 L.L
D07AC04 FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDE G Fluocinolone acetonide - 0.25mg/g 0.25mg/g Cream 296,925 L.L
R03AK06 FLUDALT DUO G Salmeterol (xinafoate) - 50mcg, Fluticasone propionate - 100mcg Capsule, inhalation 1,709,989 L.L
R03AK06 FLUDALT DUO G Salmeterol (xinafoate) - 50mcg, Fluticasone propionate - 250mcg Capsule, inhalation 2,393,122 L.L
R03AK06 FLUDALT DUO G Salmeterol (xinafoate) - 50mcg, Fluticasone propionate - 500mcg Capsule, inhalation 3,048,930 L.L
M01AE51 FLUMIX BENTA G Ibuprofen - 200mg, Guaifenesin - 200mg, Chlorpheniramine maleate - 2mg, Phenylephrine HCl - 5mg Tablet, film coated 875,417 L.L
M01AE51 FLUMIX BENTA G Ibuprofen - 200mg, Guaifenesin - 200mg, Chlorpheniramine maleate - 2mg, Phenylephrine HCl - 5mg Tablet, film coated 460,746 L.L
N02BE01 FEBRADOL G Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet 327,642 L.L
R03AK07 FORACORT 200 G Formoterol fumarate dihydrate - 4.5mcg/inhalation, Budesonide - 200mcg/inhalation Metered dose inhaler 2,159,555 L.L
R03AK07 FORACORT 400 G Formoterol fumarate - 4.5mcg/inhalation, Budesonide - 400mcg/inhalation Metered dose inhaler 3,104,276 L.L
L04AA27 FINGOLIMOD ZENTIVA G Fingolimod Hydrochloride - 0.5mg 0.5mg Capsule, hard 32,406,715 L.L
S01AE01 FLOXIGEN G Ofloxacin - 3mg/ml 3mg/ml Drops solution 358,806 L.L
N02BE01 FEBRADOL JOINT G Paracetamol - 665mg 665mg Tablet 289,246 L.L
S01AE01 FLOXEDOL G Ofloxacin - 3mg/ml 3mg/ml Gel 339,992 L.L
J01CR50 FLUMOX G Flucloxacillin (monohydrate) - 250mg, Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 250mg Capsule 348,055 L.L
N05AB02 FLUPHENAZINE HCl G Fluphenazine (HCl) - 5mg 5mg Tablet, scored 624,567 L.L
S01AE07 FORTYMOX G Moxifloxacin (HCl) - 0.5% 0.5% Drops solution 772,709 L.L
J01MA12 FLOBIOX G Levofloxacin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 629,686 L.L
J01MA12 FLOBIOX G Levofloxacin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 794,787 L.L
J01MA12 FLOXIN-L 500 G Levofloxacin (hemihydrate) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 831,903 L.L
C03CA01 FURESIX 40 G Furosemide - 40mg 40mg Tablet 166,381 L.L
C03CA01 FUROSETIC G Furosemide - 40mg 40mg Tablet, scored 121,586 L.L
C03CA01 FRURETIC G Furosemide - 20mg/2ml 20mg/2ml Injectable solution 2,600,655 L.L
C03CA01 FUROLIX G Furosemide - 20mg/2ml 20mg/2ml Injectable solution 1,612,611 L.L
C03CA01 FUROSEMIDE RENAUDIN G Furosemide (sodium) - 20mg/2ml 20mg/2ml Injectable solution 451,531 L.L
C03CA01 FUROSEMIDE SALF G Furosemide - 20mg/2ml 20mg/2ml Injectable solution 216,359 L.L
C03CA01 FUROSEMIDE RENAUDIN G Furosemide - 250mg/25ml 250mg/25ml Injectable solution 1,791,342 L.L
S01BC04 FLUROPTIC G Flurbiprofen sodium - 0.03% w/v 0.03% w/v Drops solution 223,078 L.L
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