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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
D06AX01 FUTASOLE G Fusidic acid - 20mg/g 2% Cream 145,135 L.L
J01AA12 TEGADIS G Tigecycline - 50mg 50mg Injectable powder for solution 2,418,917 L.L
J01EE01 PAEDIATRIC CO-TRIMOXAZOLE MIXTURE G Trimethoprim - 40mg/5ml, Sulfamethoxazole - 200mg/5ml Suspension 190,698 L.L
L01EA01 IMATINIB NEAPOLIS G Imatinib - 400mg 400mg Tablet, film coated 36,046,335 L.L
M01AB05 ALMIRAL G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg/3ml 75mg/3ml Injectable solution 415,247 L.L
N01AH01 FENTANYL PANPHARMA G Fentanyl - 0.1mg/2ml 0.1mg/2ml Injectable solution 1,101,951 L.L
N03AX12 NEUROPLEX G Gabapentin - 300mg 300mg Capsule 1,107,326 L.L
N05BA02 PSICODEX G Chlordiazepoxide - 5mg 5mg Tablet 152,302 L.L
P01AB07 SNAD G Secnidazole - 500mg 500mg Tablet 774,053 L.L
R05X COLDIN G Glyceryl guaiacolate - 15mg/5ml, Pseudoephedrine HCl - 15mg/5ml, Pyrilamine maleate - 6.25mg/5ml, Paracetamol - 120mg/5ml Syrup 386,515 L.L
A04AA01 JAMP ONDANSETRON G Ondansetron (HCl dihydrate) - 4mg/5ml 4mg/5ml Solution 2,687,685 L.L
A10BD07 SITAVITEA G Metformin - 850mg, Sitagliptin - 50mg Tablet, film coated 1,079,106 L.L
B01AC06 ASPICOT G Acetylsalicylic acid - 81mg 81mg Tablet, enteric coated 353,239 L.L
B05BB02 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 211,449 L.L
C01CA24 ADRENALINE RENAUDIN G Epinephrine (tartrate) - 1mg/ml 1mg Injectable solution 444,812 L.L
C09AA01 CAPTOPRIL G Captopril - 25mg 25mg Tablet, scored 4,453,878 L.L
D06AX01 ZETA G Fusidic acid - 20mg/g 20mg/g Cream 178,731 L.L
J01BA01 CHLORAMPHENICOL PALMITATE G Chloramphenicol (palmitate) - 125mg/5ml 125mg/5ml Suspension 159,981 L.L
L01EA01 IMATINIB SPC G Imatinib - 400mg 400mg Tablet, film coated 62,161,280 L.L
M01AB05 CLOFEN G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg/3ml 75mg/3ml Injectable solution 299,677 L.L
N01AH01 FENTANYL HAMELN G Fentanyl (citrate) - 0.5mg/10ml 0.5mg/10ml Injectable solution 1,206,771 L.L
N03AX12 PMS-GABAPENTIN G Gabapentin - 300mg 300mg Capsule 869,466 L.L
N05BA06 LORAZEPAM G Lorazepam - 1mg 1mg Tablet, scored 325,082 L.L
P01AB07 SECNOL G Secnidazole anhydre - 2g 2g Granules 842,589 L.L
R05X COLD-MED G Glyceryl guaiacolate - 15mg/5ml, Pseudoephedrine HCl - 15mg/5ml, Pyrilamine maleate - 6.25mg/5ml, Paracetamol - 120mg/5ml Syrup 386,515 L.L
V03AC03 DEFERASIROX ARROW G Deferasirox - 360mg 360mg Tablet 18,379,327 L.L
A04AA01 NAUSETRON G Ondansetron - 4mg/5ml 4mg/5ml Solution 958,608 L.L
A10BD07 ZERILUX G Sitagliptin - 25mg/ml 25mg/ml Solution 1,127,529 L.L
B01AC06 ASPROTHIN G Acetylsalicylic acid - 81mg 81mg Tablet, enteric coated 148,463 L.L
B05BB02 2.5% DEXTROSE 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION G Dextrose,H2O - 2.5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.45g/100ml Injectable solution 172,377 L.L
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