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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N06AX16 VENLAX XR 75 G Venlafaxine HCl - 75mg 75mg Capsule, extended release 1,343,843 L.L
A10BD19 EMPAGLINE G Empagliflozin - 10mg, Linagliptin - 5mg Tablet, film coated 2,237,050 L.L
B01AE07 DAXATRAN G Dabigatran etexilate (mesilate) - 150mg 150mg Capsule, hard 1,803,437 L.L
B05CX01 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Dextrose,H2O - 10g/100ml 10% Injectable solution 219,493 L.L
C02KX01 TRACTAN G Bosentan (monohydrate) - 125mg 125mg Tablet, film coated 47,747,570 L.L
C10AA05 LIPODAR G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 2,236,154 L.L
G04BE08 RAVANA G Tadalafil - 20mg 20mg Tablet 500,421 L.L
J01CR05 PIPTAZ-ORBUCELL G Piperacillin (sodium) - 4g, Tazobactam (sodium) - 0.5g Injectable powder for solution 1,087,873 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROFLOXACINE PANPHARMA G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 400mg/200ml 400mg/200ml Injectable solution 9,908,924 L.L
L04AA27 PMS-FINGOLIMOD G Fingolimod Hydrochloride - 0.5mg 0.5mg Capsule 19,351,580 L.L
M01AH01 JOSWE FLAMEX 200 G Celecoxib - 200mg 200mg Capsule 225,766 L.L
N04BD02 RASAGILINE BIOGARAN G Rasagiline - 1mg 1mg Tablet 5,214,109 L.L
S01AE01 FLOXIGEN G Ofloxacin - 3mg/ml 3mg/ml Drops solution 358,806 L.L
A04AD12 APREPITANT BIOGARAN G Aprepitant - 80mg 80mg Capsule 2,164,930 L.L
B05CX01 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Dextrose,H2O - 10g/100ml 10% Injectable solution 170,079 L.L
C10AA05 LIPONORM G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,249,774 L.L
D07CC01 BETAFUCIN G Fusidic acid - 20mg/g, Betamethasone valerate - 1mg/1g Cream 210,983 L.L
G04BE08 TADALAGEN G Tadalafil - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,032,839 L.L
J01CR05 PRIZMA G Piperacillin (sodium) - 4g, Tazobactam (sodium) - 0.5g Injectable powder for solution 913,813 L.L
L01EJ01 CELEZON G Ruxolitinib - 20mg 20mg Tablet 188,515,591 L.L
L04AA27 SCLEMOD G Fingolimod Hydrochloride - 0.5mg 0.5mg Capsule 18,264,981 L.L
M01AH01 JOSWE FLAMEX 200 G Celecoxib - 200mg 200mg Capsule 636,981 L.L
N02BE01 FEBRADOL JOINT G Paracetamol - 665mg 665mg Tablet 289,246 L.L
N04BD02 RAZYLECT 1 G Rasagiline mesylate - 1mg 1mg Tablet 3,532,514 L.L
N06AX16 DEPREVIX HELLAS G Venlafaxine - 150mg 150mg Capsule, prolonged release 968,910 L.L
S01AE01 OPTIFLOX G Ofloxacin - 3mg/ml 3mg/ml Drops suspension 143,791 L.L
A04AD12 APREPITANT BIOGARAN 125MG APREPITANT BIOGARAN 80MG G Aprepitant - 125mg, Aprepitant - 80mg 125mg Capsule 3,246,723 L.L
B01AF01 RIBAVAN G Rivaroxaban - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet, film coated 3,199,625 L.L
B05CX01 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Dextrose,H2O - 10g/100ml 10% Injectable solution 194,211 L.L
C10AA05 LORVAST G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,128,828 L.L
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