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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
G01AF12 LOMEXIN B Fenticonazole nitrate - 600mg 600mg Ovule 818,321 L.L
N06DA03 EXELON TRANSDERMAL PATCH 5 B Rivastigmine - 4.6mg/24h 4.6mg/24h Patch 2,457,888 L.L
A03AX13 OVOL FOR GAZ B Simethicone - 180mg 180mg Capsule, liquid gel 241,892 L.L
A12AX CI-CAL+D B Calcium citrate - 250mg, Vitamin D3 - 125IU Tablet 796,899 L.L
C10BX06 TRINOMIA B Acetylsalicylic acid - 100mg, Atorvastatin - 20mg, Ramipril - 2.5mg Capsule, hard 1,029,383 L.L
G01AF12 LOMEXIN "T" B Fenticonazole nitrate - 1,000mg 1,000mg Ovule 874,410 L.L
L04AD02 PROGRAF 0.5 MG B Tacrolimus - 0.5mg 0.5mg Capsule 13,942,481 L.L
N02BE51 HUMEXLIB PARACETAMOL CHLORPHENAMINE B Paracetamol - 500mg, Chlorphenamine maleate - 4mg Capsule 598,010 L.L
N06DA03 EXELON TRANSDERMAL PATCH 15 B Rivastigmine - 13.3mg/24h 13.3mg/24h Patch 7,582,922 L.L
S01EE03 LUMIGAN B Bimatoprost - 0.1mg/ml 0.1mg/ml Drops solution 740,457 L.L
A03AX58 METEOSPASMYL B Alverine citrate - 60mg, Simethicone - 300mg Capsule 481,096 L.L
A12AX CI-CAL+D B Calcium citrate - 250mg, Vitamin D3 - 1,000IU Tablet 1,118,077 L.L
C10BX06 TRINOMIA B Acetylsalicylic acid - 100mg, Atorvastatin - 20mg, Ramipril - 5mg Capsule, hard 1,236,335 L.L
L04AD02 PROGRAF 0.5 MG B Tacrolimus - 0.5mg 0.5mg Capsule 13,942,481 L.L
N02BE51 PANADOL COLD AND FLU B Paracetamol - 500mg, Pseudoephedrine HCl - 30mg, Chlorpheniramine maleate - 2mg Tablet 278,175 L.L
R03DC03 SINGULAIR PEDIATRIC B Montelukast (sodium) - 4mg 4mg Tablet, chewable 1,217,521 L.L
S01EE03 LUMIGAN B Bimatoprost - 0.1mg/ml 0.1mg/ml Drops solution 740,457 L.L
A10BA02 GLUCOPHAGE XR B Metformin HCl - 750mg 750mg Tablet, prolonged release 665,875 L.L
A12AX CI-CAL+D B Calcium citrate - 250mg, Vitamin D3 - 800IU Tablet, chewable 804,962 L.L
C09DA06 BLOPRESS PLUS 8MG B Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 1,060,292 L.L
C10BX06 TRINOMIA B Acetylsalicylic acid - 100mg, Atorvastatin - 20mg, Ramipril - 10mg Capsule, hard 1,596,485 L.L
H02AB02 DECADRON B Dexamethasone - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet, scored 378,240 L.L
M03BC51 NORGESIC B Paracetamol - 450mg, Orphenadrine (citrate) - 35mg Tablet 412,560 L.L
N02BE51 HUMEX RHUME B Pseudoephedrine HCl (tablet) - 60mg, Paracetamol (tablet) - 500mg, Paracetamol (capsule) - 500mg, Chlorphenamine maleate (capsule) - 4mg Tablet, capsule 467,657 L.L
S01EE04 TRAVATAN B Travoprost - 40mcg/ml 0.004% Drops solution 806,306 L.L
C07AB07/C09CA CONCOR T 2.5 B Bisoprolol fumarate - 2.5mg, Telmisartan - 40mg Tablet 1,118,900 L.L
D01AC01 CANESTEN B Clotrimazole - 0.01g/ml 0.01g/ml Solution 368,213 L.L
G01AX ENTEROGERMINA B Bacillus clausii spores - 2 Billions/5ml Suspension 1,131,515 L.L
J01DD08 SUPRAX B Cefixime (trihydrate) - 200mg 200mg Capsule 1,067,011 L.L
L04AD02 ADVAGRAF B Tacrolimus monohydrate - 3mg 3mg Capsule, prolonged release 68,645,618 L.L
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