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Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Generalities
Agent Rubella virus, genus Rubullovirus, family Togaviridae
Incubation period 14-17 days (range 14-21 days)
Period of transmissibility - 7 days before rash and 4 days after rash onset
- From congenital rubella: infants shed the virus for several months after birth
Reservoir Humans
Modes of transmission - Person-to-person: direct contact with droplets
- Infants with Congenital Rubella Syndrome shed large quantities of virus in their pharyngeal secretions and urine.
- Materno-foetal transmission: 90% of infants born to women infected with rubella during the 1st trimester. The risk of transmission is 10-20% by the 16th week, and rare after the 20th week.
Clinical presentation - Febril maculo-papular rash
- Complications: thrombocytopenia (1/3000), post-infectious encephalitis (1/6000), rarely chronic arthritis
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome: Congenital malformation as deafness, cataracts, microphtalmia, congenital glaucoma, pigmentary retinopathy, nystagmus, microcephaly, meningo-encephalitis, mental retardation, patent ductus arteious, atrial or ventricular septal defects, other congenital heart disease, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, radiolucent bone disease
Resources
Case definitions - MOPH circular no 12 (2013): Acquired Rubella
- MOPH circular no 45 (2007): Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Forms - Rash reporting form
- CRS reporting form
- Rash investigation form
- CRS investigation form
Data - Rubella 2021
- Rubella 2020
- Rubella 2019
- Rubella 2018
- Rubella 2017
- Rubella 2016
- Rubella 2015
 
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A10BD15 DIVINUSMET XR G Dapagliflozin - 5mg, Metformin HCl XR - 1000mg Tablet, extended release 2,900,012 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.3% G Sodium chloride - 0.3g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 204,554 L.L
B05BB02 DEXTROSE 5% & SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.3% G Sodium chloride - 0.3g/100ml, Dextrose, H2O - 5g/100ml Injectable solution 220,643 L.L
A10BD15 DIAFLOZIN PLUS G Metformin HCl XR - 1000mg, Dapagliflozin - 10mg Tablet, film coated 2,483,421 L.L
M01AB55 DIFEN FLEX G Diclofenac sodium - 50mg, Pridinol mesylate - 4mg Tablet, film coated 575,165 L.L
M01AB55 DIFEN FLEX G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg, Pridinol mesylate - 2.2mg Injectable solution 1,131,515 L.L
M01AB55 DIFEN PLUS G Diclofenac potassium - 50mg, Betamethasone - 0.3mg Tablet, coated 503,941 L.L
M01AB55 DIFEN B12 G Diclofenac potassium - 50mg, Betamethasone - 0.3mg, Cyanocobalamin - 5mg Tablet 503,941 L.L
M01AB55 DIOXAFLEX B12 G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg, Betamethasone (sodium phosphate) - 2mg, Hydroxocobalamin sulphate - 10mg Injectable solution 1,104,639 L.L
M01AB55 DIOXAFLEX B12 G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg, Betamethasone (sodium phosphate) - 2mg, Hydroxocobalamin sulphate - 10mg Injectable solution 620,855 L.L
N01BB52 DILOCAIN 2% G Lidocaine HCl - 20mg/1.7ml, Epinephrine (bitartrate) - 0.0125mg/1.7ml Injectable solution 2,768,316 L.L
M01AB55 DIFEN B12 G Diclofenac sodium - 75mg, Prednisolone sodium phosphate - 10.08mg, Hydroxocobalamin acetate - 10.44mg Injectable solution 978,317 L.L
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