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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C08CA13 LERCADIP B Lercanidipine HCl - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film-scored 1,021,320 L.L
C08CA13 LERCADIP B Lercanidipine HCl - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film-scored 1,679,803 L.L
N03AX16 LYRICA B Pregabalin - 150mg 150mg Capsule 3,041,116 L.L
N03AX16 LYRICA B Pregabalin - 75mg 75mg Capsule 598,010 L.L
N03AX16 LYRICA B Pregabalin - 75mg 75mg Capsule 2,131,334 L.L
D07AB02 LOCOID B Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g 0.1% Cream 215,015 L.L
D07AB02 LOCOID B Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g 0.1% Cream 215,015 L.L
D07AB02 LOCOID B Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1% 0.1% Lipocream 221,734 L.L
D07AB02 LOCOID B Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1% 0.1% Lipocream 221,734 L.L
D07AB02 LOCOID CRELO 0.1% B Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g 0.1% Emulsion 177,387 L.L
D07AB02 LOCOID CRELO 0.1% B Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g 0.1% Emulsion 177,387 L.L
D07AB02 LOCOID B Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1% 0.1% Lotion 201,576 L.L
L01ED05 LORBRENA B Lorlatinib - 25mg 25mg Tablet 134,559,469 L.L
D07AB02 LOCOID B Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1% 0.1% Lotion 201,576 L.L
L01ED05 LORBRENA B Lorlatinib - 100mg 100mg Tablet 403,677,371 L.L
N02AJ14 LENIZAK B Tramadol HCl - 75mg, Dexketoprofen - 25mg Tablet, film coated 494,534 L.L
R06AX29 LABIXTEN B Bilastine - 20mg 20mg Tablet 584,571 L.L
R06AX29 LABIXTEN B Bilastine - 2.5mg/ml 2.5mg/ml Solution 463,626 L.L
D07XC01 LOTRIDERM B Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 0.5mg/g, Clotrimazole - 10mg/g Cream 408,528 L.L
C03CA01 LASIX B Furosemide - 40mg 40mg Tablet 120,946 L.L
J07CA LANTIGEN B B Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 (antigenic extracts) - 63.2A.U./ml, Streptococcus pyogenes group A (antigenic extracts) - 126.2A.U./ml, Branhamella catarrhalis (antigenic extracts) - 39.9A.U./ml, Staphylococcus aureus (antigenic extracts) - 79.6A.U./ml, Haemophilus influenzae type b (antigenic extracts) - 50.2A.U./ml, Klebsiella pneumoniae (antigenic extracts) - 39.8A.U./ml Drops suspension 916,501 L.L
S01BA14 LOTEMAX B Loteprednol etabonate - 0.5% 0.5% Drops suspension 1,038,790 L.L
L01EX08 LENVIMA B Lenvatinib - 10mg 10mg Capsule, hard L.L
L01EX08 LENVIMA B Lenvatinib - 4mg 4mg Capsule, hard L.L
N05AH02 LEPONEX B Clozapine - 100mg 100mg Tablet 1,975,448 L.L
C03CA01 LASIX B Furosemide - 500mg 500mg Tablet 1,454,038 L.L
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