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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
L01ED05 LORBRENA B Lorlatinib - 25mg 25mg Tablet 134,559,469 L.L
L01ED05 LORBRENA B Lorlatinib - 100mg 100mg Tablet 403,677,371 L.L
C03CA01 LASIX B Furosemide - 40mg 40mg Tablet 120,946 L.L
N02AJ14 LENIZAK B Tramadol HCl - 75mg, Dexketoprofen - 25mg Tablet, film coated 494,534 L.L
D07XC01 LOTRIDERM B Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 0.5mg/g, Clotrimazole - 10mg/g Cream 408,528 L.L
C03CA01 LASIX B Furosemide - 500mg 500mg Tablet 1,454,038 L.L
R06AX29 LABIXTEN B Bilastine - 20mg 20mg Tablet 584,571 L.L
R06AX29 LABIXTEN B Bilastine - 2.5mg/ml 2.5mg/ml Solution 463,626 L.L
G04BE09 LEVITRA B Vardenafil (HCl) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 2,660,808 L.L
J07CA LANTIGEN B B Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 (antigenic extracts) - 63.2A.U./ml, Streptococcus pyogenes group A (antigenic extracts) - 126.2A.U./ml, Branhamella catarrhalis (antigenic extracts) - 39.9A.U./ml, Staphylococcus aureus (antigenic extracts) - 79.6A.U./ml, Haemophilus influenzae type b (antigenic extracts) - 50.2A.U./ml, Klebsiella pneumoniae (antigenic extracts) - 39.8A.U./ml Drops suspension 916,501 L.L
G04BE30 LIF-DOL B Yohimbin HCl - 3.3mg, Thiamine - 5.5mg, Cyanocobalamine - 0.015mg, Ferrous fumarate - 50mg, Sildenafil citrate - 10mg Tablet, coated 231,653 L.L
A08AA01 LOMAIRA B Phentermine Hydrochloride - 8mg 8mg Tablet 6,138,673 L.L
L01EX08 LENVIMA B Lenvatinib - 4mg 4mg Capsule, hard 124,450,304 L.L
L01EX08 LENVIMA B Lenvatinib - 10mg 10mg Capsule, hard 124,450,304 L.L
N05AH02 LEPONEX B Clozapine - 100mg 100mg Tablet 1,975,448 L.L
C10AA08 LIVAZO B Pitavastatin - 2mg 2mg Tablet, film coated 1,558,857 L.L
S01BA14 LOTEMAX B Loteprednol etabonate - 0.5% 0.5% Drops suspension 1,038,790 L.L
C10AA08 LIVAZO B Pitavastatin - 4mg 4mg Tablet, film coated 1,835,305 L.L
C10AB04 LOPID B Gemfibrozil - 600mg 600mg Tablet, film coated 498,566 L.L
C10AB05 LIPANTHYL B Fenofibrate - 160mg 160mg Tablet, film coated, modified release 1,110,271 L.L
L01EX08 LENVIMA B Lenvatinib - 10mg 10mg Capsule, hard L.L
L01EX08 LENVIMA B Lenvatinib - 4mg 4mg Capsule, hard L.L
C10AB05 LIPANTHYL 200 M B Fenofibrate - 200mg 200mg Capsule 1,072,878 L.L
L01BB04 LITAK 10 B Cladribine - 2mg/ml 2mg/ml Injectable solution 124,768,660 L.L
L01BB04 LITAK 10 B Cladribine - 10mg/5ml 10mg/5ml Injectable solution 39,016,157 L.L
S01EA05 LUMIFY B Brimonidine tartrate - 0.025% Drops solution 1,888,099 L.L
C10BA06 LIPOCOMB B Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 10mg, Ezetimibe - 10mg Capsule, hard 2,701,123 L.L
M03BA03 LUMIRELAX B Methocarbamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet 667,890 L.L
C10BA06 LIPOCOMB B Rosuvastatin (calcium) - 20mg, Ezetimibe - 10mg Capsule, hard 2,701,123 L.L
G01AF12 LOMEXIN B Fenticonazole nitrate - 200mg 200mg Ovule 779,490 L.L
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