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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
G01AF12 LOMEXIN B Fenticonazole nitrate - 600mg 600mg Ovule 818,321 L.L
G01AF12 LOMEXIN "T" B Fenticonazole nitrate - 1,000mg 1,000mg Ovule 874,410 L.L
S01EE03 LUMIGAN B Bimatoprost - 0.1mg/ml 0.1mg/ml Drops solution 740,457 L.L
S01EE03 LUMIGAN B Bimatoprost - 0.1mg/ml 0.1mg/ml Drops solution 740,457 L.L
D01AC12 LOMEXIN B Fenticonazole nitrate - 2g/100g 2% Cream 729,154 L.L
L01BC59 LONSURF B Trifluridine - 20mg, Tipiracil - 8.19mg Tablet, film coated 75,019,126 L.L
D01AE15 LAMISIL B Terbinafine HCl - 10mg/g 1% Cream 616,824 L.L
L01BC59 LONSURF B Trifluridine - 15mg, Tipiracil - 6.14mg Tablet, film coated 58,102,683 L.L
S01GX02 LEVOPHTA B Levocabastine HCl - 0.5mg/ml 0.05% Suspension 682,672 L.L
A03CA02 LIBRAX DRAGEES B Clidinium bromide - 2.5mg, Chlordiazepoxide - 5mg Tablet, sugar coated 435,405 L.L
D01AE15 LAMISIL B Terbinafine HCl - 10mg/ml 1% Solution 506,629 L.L
D01AE16 LOCERYL B Amorolfine - 125mg/2.5ml 5% Nail lacquer 1,076,418 L.L
D01BA02 LAMISIL B Terbinafine HCl - 250mg 250mg Tablet, scored 813,025 L.L
G03CX01 LIVIAL B Tibolone - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet 1,135,547 L.L
N03AX09 LAMICTAL B Lamotrigine - 100mg 100mg Tablet 2,741,209 L.L
N03AX09 LAMICTAL B Lamotrigine - 25mg 25mg Tablet 1,088,270 L.L
C01AA05 LANOXIN PG B Digoxin - 0.05mg/ml 0.05mg/ml Elixir 307,740 L.L
C01AA05 LANOXIN B Digoxin - 0.25mg 0.25mg Tablet 215,015 L.L
L01XK01 LYNPARZA B Olaparib - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 230,789,350 L.L
N03AX09 LAMICTAL LIQUI-TABS B Lamotrigine - 5mg 5mg Tablet 361,046 L.L
L01XK01 LYNPARZA B Olaparib - 150mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 230,789,350 L.L
N03AX09 LAMICTAL B Lamotrigine - 50mg 50mg Tablet 1,753,895 L.L
C08CA08 LUSOPRESS B Nitrendipine - 20mg 20mg Tablet, scored 757,927 L.L
C08CA13 LERCADIP B Lercanidipine HCl - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film-scored 1,021,320 L.L
C08CA13 LERCADIP B Lercanidipine HCl - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film-scored 1,679,803 L.L
N05BA08 LEXOTANIL B Bromazepam - 3mg 3mg Tablet, scored 413,903 L.L
N05BA08 LEXOTANIL B Bromazepam - 1.5mg 1.5mg Tablet, scored 299,677 L.L
D07AB02 LOCOID B Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g 0.1% Cream 215,015 L.L
D07AB02 LOCOID B Hydrocortisone butyrate - 1mg/g 0.1% Cream 215,015 L.L
D07AB02 LOCOID B Hydrocortisone butyrate - 0.1% 0.1% Lipocream 221,734 L.L
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