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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
R06AX ORADUS BETA G Desloratadine - 5mg, Betamethasone - 0.6mg Tablet, film coated 497,862 L.L
A02BC01 ARAPRIDE G Omeprazole - 20mg 20mg Capsule, hard, gastro-resistant 427,342 L.L
A07AA02 MEDISTAN G Nystatin - 200.000IU 200.000IU Lozenge 418,511 L.L
A10BH02 VILDAVITAE G Vildagliptin - 50mg 50mg Tablet 665,202 L.L
B01AF02 APO-APIXABAN G Apixaban - 5mg 5mg Tablet 3,084,119 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 10% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 10% 10% Injectable solution 217,195 L.L
C02KX01 TRACTAN G Bosentan (monohydrate) - 62.5mg 62.5mg Tablet, film coated 47,747,570 L.L
C10AA05 EMITOR G Atorvastatin - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 822,432 L.L
D07AD01 DERMASONE G Clobetasol (propionate) - 0.05% 0.05% Cream 119,026 L.L
G04BE03 SILDENAFIL ARROW LAB G Sildenafil - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 1,427,161 L.L
J01CR02 JULMENTIN FORTE G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 500mg, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 125mg 625mg Tablet, film coated 245,923 L.L
J01MA01 OFLOMED G Ofloxacin - 200mg 200mg Tablet, film-scored 601,530 L.L
M01AE01 IBUSOL G Ibuprofen - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Suspension 309,724 L.L
N03AX16 PREGABADOR G Pregabalin - 75mg 75mg Capsule, hard 364,181 L.L
N06AB05 UNIROX G Paroxetine (HCl) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 854,684 L.L
R01AD09 TABUNEX G Mometasone furoate - 0.05% 0.05% Spray 419,279 L.L
A02BC01 AXIPRON G Omeprazole - 20mg 20mg Capsule 373,358 L.L
A10BH02 VILDIAB G Vildagliptin - 50mg 50mg Tablet 806,306 L.L
B01AF02 AVIXAN G Apixaban - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 2,777,275 L.L
B05CX01 DEXTROSE 10% INJECTION, USP G Glucose - 10% 10% Injectable solution 191,913 L.L
C10AA05 JOSWE ATORVAST 20 G Atorvastatin - 20mg 20mg Caplet, film coated 956,816 L.L
G04BE03 SILDENAFIL ARROW LAB G Sildenafil - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 3,192,970 L.L
J01CR02 MEGAMOX-JPI G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 500mg, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 125mg 625mg Tablet 245,923 L.L
J07AH MENFIVE G Meningococcal (serogroups A, C, Y, W, X) Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine - Injectable freeze dried powder + diluent 3,527,587 L.L
M01AE01 PEDIAFEN G Ibuprofen - 100mg/5ml 100mg/5ml Suspension 200,936 L.L
N03AX16 PREGAFORTE 75 G Pregabalin - 75mg 75mg Capsule 793,507 L.L
N06AB05 DEPROX G Paroxetine (HCl) - 40mg 40mg Tablet 2,909,099 L.L
A02BC01 DIGCAP G Omeprazole - 20mg 20mg Capsule 593,850 L.L
A10BH02 VLUDIN G Vildagliptin - 50mg 50mg Tablet 767,910 L.L
B01AF02 ELAPIX 5 G Apixaban - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 3,455,595 L.L
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