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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
C10AA01 SIMVASTATIN-REMEDICA G Simvastatin - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 542,912 L.L
C10AA01 STAVINE G Simvastatin - 20mg 20mg Tablet 207,336 L.L
C10AA01 SIMVASTATIN NORMON G Simvastatin - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 264,737 L.L
C10AA01 SIMVASTATIN-REMEDICA G Simvastatin - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 780,772 L.L
C10AA01 STAVINE G Simvastatin - 40mg 40mg Tablet, scored 207,336 L.L
L04AA10 SIROMUNE G Sirolimus - 1mg 1mg Tablet, film coated 18,729,193 L.L
A10BH01 SAGIFOR G Sitagliptin (HCl monohydrate) - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 1,242,606 L.L
A10BH01 SITAGLIPTINE ARROW G Sitagliptin - 100mg 100mg Tablet, coated 1,154,361 L.L
A10BH01 SITAGLIPTINE ARROW G Sitagliptin - 50mg 50mg Tablet, coated 1,139,578 L.L
B05XA02 SODIUM BICARBONATE G Sodium bicarbonate - 1.4g/100ml 1.4g/100ml Injectable solution 258,887 L.L
B05XA02 SODIUM BICARBONATE G Sodium bicarbonate - 4.2g/100ml 4.2g/100ml Injectable solution 742,370 L.L
B05XA02 SODIUM BICARBONATE G Sodium bicarbonate - 8.4g/100ml 8.4% Injectable solution 959,565 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.45% 0.45% Injectable solution 133,856 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.45% 0.45% Injectable solution 149,393 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.45% 0.45% Injectable solution 163,184 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.45% 0.45% Injectable solution 176,974 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE G Sodium chloride - 0.45% 0.45% Injectable solution 161,805 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45% 0.45% Injectable solution 161,314 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45% 0.45% Injectable solution 149,393 L.L
B05XA03 SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45% 0.45% Injectable solution 148,566 L.L
B05XA03 SOLUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45% 0.45% Injectable solution 383,826 L.L
B05BB02 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 193,062 L.L
B05BB02 SERUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 180,421 L.L
B05BB02 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 236,731 L.L
B05BB02 SOLUFLEX DEXTROSE 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.45%, Glucose - 5% Injectable solution 211,449 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 156,288 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 165,482 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 176,974 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 163,184 L.L
B05XA03 SERUFLEX SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.9% INJECTION, USP G Sodium chloride - 0.9% 0.9% Injectable solution 156,288 L.L
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