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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
N03AX23 BRIVIACT B Brivaracetam - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 9,627,931 L.L
A10BX02 NOVONORM B Repaglinide - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet 475,720 L.L
C09CA04 APROVEL B Irbesartan - 150mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 651,764 L.L
L01EJ01 JAKAVI B Ruxolitinib - 5mg 5mg Tablet 165,514,059 L.L
L04AA10 RAPAMUNE B Sirolimus - 1mg 1mg Tablet 12,907,489 L.L
M01AE17 KETESSE B Dexketoprofen (trometamol) - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 399,121 L.L
N02BA51 ASPIRINE C EFFERVESCENT B Acetylsalicylic acid - 400mg, Vitamin C - 240mg Tablet, effervescent 162,605 L.L
N03AX23 BRIVIACT B Brivaracetam - 10mg/ml 10mg/ml Solution 10,314,804 L.L
N06AB10 CIPRALEX B Escitalopram (oxalate) - 15mg 15mg Tablet, film coated 2,378,601 L.L
C09CA04 APROVEL B Irbesartan - 150mg 150mg Tablet, film coated 651,764 L.L
J01DB01 KEFLEX B Cefalexin (monohydrate) - 250mg/5ml 250mg/5ml Granules for suspension 477,384 L.L
J07BD52 PRIORIX B Rubella virus live attenuated - ?10³ CCID50, Mumps virus live attenuated - ?103.7 CCID50, Measles virus live attenuated - ?10³ CCID50 Injectable lyophilised powder for solution+diluent 1,142,266 L.L
R03AC18 ONBREZ BREEZHALER B Indacaterol maleate - 150mcg 150mcg Capsule, inhalation 2,284,532 L.L
R06AX27 AERIUS B Desloratadine - 0.5mg/ml 0.5mg/ml Solution 403,153 L.L
L04AA10 RAPAMUNE B Sirolimus - 1mg 1mg Tablet L.L
A07EC02 PENTASA B Mesalazine - 1g 1g Suppository 4,153,817 L.L
A10BX02 NOVONORM B Repaglinide - 1mg 1mg Tablet 571,133 L.L
J01DB01 KEFLEX B Cefalexin (monohydrate) - 500mg 500mg Capsule 659,123 L.L
J07BD52 M-M-R II (MEASLES, MUMPS AND RUBELLA VIRUS VACCINE LIVE) B Rubella virus live attenuated - , Mumps virus live attenuated - , Measles virus live attenuated - Injectable solution+diluent 12,924,401 L.L
L01EJ01 JAKAVI B Ruxolitinib - 15mg 15mg Tablet 326,608,760 L.L
L04AA13 ARAVA B Leflunomide - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 2,230,779 L.L
N02BE01 EFFERALGAN B Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet, effervescent scored 129,009 L.L
N04BA02 SINEMET B Levodopa - 250mg, Carbidopa - 25mg Tablet, scored 1,283,690 L.L
R03AK06 SERETIDE DISKUS 100 B Salmeterol (xinafoate) - 50mcg/inhalation, Fluticasone propionate - 100mcg/inhalation Inhalation powder 2,276,469 L.L
A07EC02 SALOFALK B Mesalazine - 1g 1g Suppository 3,948,209 L.L
N02BE01 PANADOL ACTIFAST B Paracetamol - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 159,917 L.L
L04AA18 CERTICAN B Everolimus - 0.5mg 0.5mg Tablet L.L
A07EC02 SALOFALK B Mesalazine - 4g/60ml 4g/60ml Enema 3,796,355 L.L
A10BX16 MOUNJARO KWIKPEN B Tirzepatide - 2.5mg/dose 2.5mg/dose Injectable solution 39,601,065 L.L
J07BF03 POLIOMYELITIS VACCINE INACTIVATED B Poliomyelitis virus type 1 inactivated - 40D.U, Poliomyelitis virus type 2 inactivated - 8D.U, Poliomyelitis virus type 3 inactivated - 32D.U Injectable suspension 1,206,771 L.L
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