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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
L04AB06 SIMPONI BioTech Golimumab - 100mg/1ml 100mg/1ml Injectable solution 72,719,241 L.L
A10AE06 TRESIBA BioTech Insulin degludec - 100IU/ml 100IU/ml Injectable solution 6,857,628 L.L
B03XA01 EPOMAX BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4000UI/ml 4000UI/ml Injectable solution 1,243,054 L.L
H01AC01 NORDITROPIN NORDIFLEX BioTech Somatropin recombinant - 10mg/1.5ml 10mg/1.5ml Injectable solution 14,532,052 L.L
L01FD01 KANJINTI BioTech Trastuzumab - 420mg 420mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 79,305,881 L.L
L04AC02 SIMULECT BioTech Basiliximab - 20mg 20mg Injectable powder + solvent 131,822,828 L.L
A10AE54 SULIQUA BioTech Insulin glargine - 100IU/ml, Lixisenatide - 50mcg/ml Injectable solution 11,286,573 L.L
B03XA01 EPOTEX 4000 BENTA BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4,000IU 4,000IU Injectable solution 1,209,458 L.L
H01AC01 OMNITROPE BioTech Somatropin recombinant - 10mg/1.5ml 10mg/1.5ml Injectable solution 45,388,478 L.L
L01FD02 PERJETA 420MG BioTech Pertuzumab - 420mg/14ml 420mg/14ml Injectable concentrate for solution 220,054,714 L.L
L04AC05 STELARA BioTech Ustekinumab - 45mg 45mg Injectable solution 151,777,679 L.L
A10AE54 SULIQUA BioTech Insulin glargine - 100IU/ml, Lixisenatide - 33mcg/ml Injectable solution 7,975,793 L.L
B03XA01 EPOTEX 4000 BENTA BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4,000IU 4,000IU Injectable solution 5,488,046 L.L
H01AC01 GENOTROPIN GOQUICK BioTech Somatropin recombinant - 12mg/ml 12mg/ml Injectable powder for solution+diluent 25,170,264 L.L
L01FD03 KADCYLA BioTech Trastuzumab emtansine - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 135,545,977 L.L
L04AC05 STELARA BioTech Ustekinumab - 45mg 45mg Injectable solution 151,777,651 L.L
A10AE56 XULTOPHY BioTech Insulin degludec - 100U/ml, Liraglutide - 3.6mg/ml Injectable solution 13,503,847 L.L
B03XA01 EPREX BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 4,000IU/0.4ml 4,000IU/0.4ml Injectable solution 15,187,737 L.L
L01FD03 KADCYLA BioTech Trastuzumab emtansine - 160mg 160mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 216,872,714 L.L
L04AC05 STELARA BioTech Ustekinumab - 90mg 90mg Injectable solution 151,777,679 L.L
A10AE56 XULTOPHY BioTech Insulin degludec - 100U/ml, Liraglutide - 3.6mg/ml Injectable solution 13,503,847 L.L
B03XA01 ALPEEN BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 10,000IU 10000IU Injectable solution 4,036,903 L.L
C10AX13 REPATHA BioTech Evolocumab - 140mg/1ml Injectable solution 44,151,793 L.L
L01FD04 ENHERTU BioTech Trastuzumab deruxtecan - 100mg 100mg Injectable powder for concentrate for solution 178,517,964 L.L
L04AC05 STELARA BioTech Ustekinumab - 90mg 90mg Injectable solution 151,777,651 L.L
B03XA01 ALPEEN BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 10,000IU 10,000IU Injectable solution 10,661,285 L.L
L01FE01 ERBITUX BioTech Cetuximab - 100mg/20ml 100mg/20ml Injectable solution 24,001,769 L.L
L04AC05 STELARA BioTech Ustekinumab - 130mg 130mg Injectable concentrate for solution 226,619,295 L.L
B03XA01 BINOCRIT BioTech Erythropoietin recombinant human (Epoetin alfa) - 10,000IU/ml 10,000IU/ml Injectable solution 17,590,239 L.L
L01FE02 VECTIBIX BioTech Panitumumab - 400mg/20ml 400mg/20ml Injectable concentrated solution 147,763,999 L.L
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