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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
G03GA06 PUREGON BioHuman Follitropin beta - 600IU/0.72ml 600IU/0.72ml Injectable solution 24,121,923 L.L
G03GA08 OVITRELLE BioHuman Choriogonadotropin Alfa - 250mcg/0.5ml 250mcg/0.5ml Injectable solution 4,145,754 L.L
G03GA09 ELONVA BioHuman Corifollitropin alfa - 100mcg/0.5ml 100mcg/0.5ml Injectable solution 35,131,802 L.L
G03GA30 PERGOVERIS BioHuman Follitropin alfa - 150IU, Lutropin Alfa - 75IU Injectable powder for solution+diluent 6,523,011 L.L
J06BA02 IG VENA BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin - 2.5g/50ml 2.5g/50ml Injectable solution 17,011,323 L.L
J06BA02 OCTAGAM BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin G - 50mg/ml 2.5g/50ml Injectable solution 19,540,934 L.L
J06BA02 PRIVIGEN BioHuman Immunoglobulin human - 2.5g/25ml 10% Injectable solution 23,611,268 L.L
J06BA02 ARAGAM BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 38,549,017 L.L
J06BA02 CLAIRYG BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin G - 50mg/ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 40,685,649 L.L
J06BA02 GAMUNEX-C BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin G - 10% 10% Injectable solution 39,990,287 L.L
J06BA02 IG VENA BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin - 5g/100ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 28,622,366 L.L
J06BA02 IMMUNOREL BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin - 5g/100ml 5% Injectable solution 29,700,912 L.L
J06BA02 IMMUNOREL BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin - 2.5g/50ml 5% Injectable solution 14,850,456 L.L
J06BA02 KIOVIG BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin G - 5g/50ml 5g/50ml Injectable solution 35,639,835 L.L
J06BA02 OCTAGAM BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin G - 50mg/ml 5g/100ml Injectable solution 37,672,334 L.L
J06BA02 OCTAGAM 10% BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin G - 10% 5g/50ml Injectable solution 37,672,334 L.L
J06BA02 PRIVIGEN BioHuman Immunoglobulin human - 5g/50ml 10% Injectable solution 42,577,976 L.L
J06BA02 CLAIRYG BioHuman Human normal immunoglobulin G - 50mg/ml 10g/200ml Injectable solution 74,469,269 L.L
C09BA04 PRETERAX ARGININE B Perindopril arginine - 2.5mg, Indapamide - 0.625mg Tablet, film coated 452,875 L.L
D07AC01 DIPROSONE B Betamethasone (dipropionate) - 0.5mg/g 0.05% Cream 291,614 L.L
G04BD08 VESICARE B Solifenacin succinate - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 1,619,330 L.L
L01EB01 IRESSA B Gefitinib - 250mg 250mg Tablet, fim coated 135,027,509 L.L
N01BB58 ARTINIBSA 4% WITH EPINEPHRINE 1/100000 B Articaine HCl - 4%, Epinephrine - 1/100.000 Injectable solution 1,968,729 L.L
N06AA21 LUDIOMIL B Maprotiline - 10mg 10mg Tablet, sugar coated 867,738 L.L
L01EX05 STIVARGA B Regorafenib - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated L.L
A01AB09 DAKTARIN ORAL B Miconazole nitrate - 20mg/g 20mg/g Gel 377,620 L.L
A06AD11 DUPHALAC B Lactulose - 6.7g/10ml 6.7g/10ml Solution 454,219 L.L
A10BD20 SYNJARDY B Empagliflozin - 12.5mg, Metformin HCl - 850mg 12.5mg/850mg Tablet, film coated 3,052,874 L.L
C02AB02 ALDOMET B Methyldopa - 250mg 250mg Tablet, coated 619,853 L.L
C09BA04 BI-PRETERAX ARGININE B Perindopril arginine - 10mg, Indapamide - 2.5mg Tablet, film coated 765,990 L.L
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