Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
L01CD02	DOCETAXEL ACCORD	G	Docetaxel - 20mg/ml	20mg/1ml	Injectable concentrate for solution	4,110,814 L.L
L01XG01	BORTEZOMIB GP PHARM	G	Bortezomib - 3.5mg	3.5mg	Injectable powder for solution	13,007,658 L.L
L04AX04	LENALIDOMIDE SPC	G	Lenalidomide - 25mg	25mg	Capsule, hard	87,161,381 L.L
N05AX12	ATYPRAL	G	Aripiprazole - 15mg	15mg	Tablet	712,237 L.L
N07CA02	CINARIN	G	Cinnarizine - 75mg	75mg	Capsule	490,183 L.L
R05CB06	FLUIBRON	G	Ambroxol - 15mg/5ml	15mg/5ml	Syrup	459,594 L.L
S02CA05	CETRAXAL PLUS	G	Ciprofloxacine HCl monohydrate - 3mg/ml, Fluocinolone acetonide - 0.25mg/ml		Drops solution	795,555 L.L
A03FA03	FARCOTILIUM	G	Domperidone - 5mg/5ml	5mg/5ml	Suspension	115,570 L.L
B05BB01	SERUFLEX RINGER'S INJECTION, USP	G	Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.33g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 8.6g/l		Injectable solution	204,554 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.75 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:111.5 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
C08CA01	LUSTRA	G	Amlodipine - 5mg	5mg	Tablet	485,127 L.L
C09DB07	CANDAM	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Amlodipine - 5mg		Capsule, hard	1,376,095 L.L
D03AX	RENEBO	G	?-sitosterol - 0.25% w/w	0.25% w/w	Ointment	456,906 L.L
J05AB11	VALACICLOVIR ARROW	G	Valaciclovir - 500mg	500mg	Tablet, film coated, breakable	753,896 L.L
L01CD02	DOCETAXEL EBEWE	G	Docetaxel - 20mg/2ml	20mg/2ml	Injectable solution	5,313,553 L.L
L01XG01	BORTEZOMIB NEAPOLIS	G	Bortezomib - 3.5mg	3.5mg	Injectable lyophilised powder for solution	14,169,600 L.L
L04AX04	LENALIDOMIDE STRAGEN	G	Lenalidomide - 25mg	25mg	Capsule	32,045,727 L.L
M05BA06	ADROMUX	G	Ibandronic acid - 150mg	150mg	Tablet, coated	821,088 L.L
N03AX09	LAMOTRIGINE ARROW LAB	G	Lamotrigine - 100mg	100mg	Tablet, dispersible/ chewable	1,050,885 L.L
N05AX12	JOSWE ARIPAL 15	G	Aripiprazole - 15mg	15mg	Tablet	2,413,541 L.L
N07CA02	CINNARIZINE	G	Cinnarizine - 75mg	75mg	Capsule	386,515 L.L
R05CB06	MUCUM	G	Ambroxol HCl - 15mg/5ml	15mg/5ml	Syrup, sugar free, alcohol free	98,101 L.L
S02CA06	POLYDEXA	G	Dexamethasone sodium metasulfobenzoate - 1.000.000IU/100ml, Polymyxin B sulfate - 100mg/100ml, Neomycin sulfate - 650.000IU/100ml		Drops solution	231,141 L.L
A03FA03	MOTIDOL ODT	G	Domperidone - 10mg	10mg	Tablet, orodispersible	259,810 L.L
A10BB12	AMEPRIDE	G	Glimepiride - 4mg	4mg	Tablet	215,015 L.L
B05BB01	SOLUFLEX RINGER'S INJECTION, USP	G	Calcium chloride, 2H2O - 0.33g/l, Potassium chloride - 0.3g/l, Sodium chloride - 8.6g/l		Injectable solution	221,792 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS2	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.5 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.5 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:111 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
C08CA01	TORANS	G	Amlodipine (besylate) - 5mg	5mg	Tablet	518,339 L.L
C09DB07	CORONOPINE	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 8mg, Amlodipine - 5mg		Capsule, hard	1,368,032 L.L
J01DH02	ARCHIFAR	G	Meropenem - 500mg	500mg	Injectable powder for solution	6,443,725 L.L