Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
L01XG01	BORTEZOMIB NEAPOLIS	G	Bortezomib - 3.5mg	3.5mg	Injectable lyophilised powder for solution	14,169,600 L.L
L04AX04	LENALIDOMIDE STRAGEN	G	Lenalidomide - 25mg	25mg	Capsule	32,045,727 L.L
M05BA06	ADROMUX	G	Ibandronic acid - 150mg	150mg	Tablet, coated	821,088 L.L
N03AX09	LAMOTRIGINE BIOGARAN	G	Lamotrigine - 100mg	100mg	Tablet, dispersible	1,233,647 L.L
N05AX12	PIRIFY	G	Aripiprazole - 15mg	15mg	Tablet	795,555 L.L
N07CA03	ZINASEN	G	Flunarizine (HCl) - 10mg	10mg	Tablet	599,354 L.L
S02CA06	AURICULARUM	G	Dexamethasone (sodium phosphate) - 10mg, Nystatin - 1,000,000IU, Oxytetracycline HCl - 90,000IU, Polymyxin B sulfate - 100,000IU		Powder for suspension + solvent	755,239 L.L
A10BB12	DIAMERIL	G	Glimepiride - 4mg	4mg	Tablet	322,522 L.L
B05BB02	5% DEXTROSE 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION	G	Dextrose,H2O - 5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml		Injectable solution	180,421 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS LS3	G	Potassium chloride - K+:2.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.60 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:112 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
C08CA01	AMLINE	G	Amlodipine - 10mg	10mg	Tablet	662,962 L.L
C09DB07	CANDAM	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Amlodipine - 5mg		Capsule, hard	1,376,095 L.L
D03BA	SERODASE	G	Serratiopeptidase - 5mg	5mg	Tablet, enteric coated	460,938 L.L
J01DH02	AROPEM	G	Meropenem (trihydrate) - 0.5g	0.5g	Injectable powder for solution	995,723 L.L
J05AB11	VALCYK BENTA	G	Valaciclovir - 500mg	500mg	Tablet, film coated	4,318,214 L.L
L01XG01	BORTEZOMIB SPC	G	Bortezomib - 3.5mg	3.5mg	Injectable powder for solution	15,743,401 L.L
L04AX04	LENOMA	G	Lenalidomide - 25mg	25mg	Capsule, hard	15,343,847 L.L
M05BA06	BONAFOR	G	Ibandronic acid (monosodium monohydrate) - 150mg	150mg	Tablet, film coated	383,955 L.L
N03AX09	LAMOTRIGINE NORMON	G	Lamotrigine - 100mg	100mg	Tablet, dispersible/ chewable	2,284,532 L.L
N05AX12	XALIPRO	G	Aripiprazole - 15mg	15mg	Tablet	2,418,917 L.L
N07X	CEREBROLYSIN	G	Cerebrolysin - 215.2mg/ml	215.2mg/ml	Injectable concentrated solution	2,303,346 L.L
R05CB06	MUCOVIC FORTE	G	Ambroxol HCl - 30mg/5ml	30mg/5ml	Solution, sugar free	293,086 L.L
S02CA07	PAROTICIN	G	Fludrocortisone acetate - 1mg/ml, Polymyxin B (sulfate) - 10.000IU/ml, Lidocaine - 50mg/ml		Drops solution	319,835 L.L
A10BB12	GLIM	G	Glimepiride - 4mg	4mg	Tablet	628,918 L.L
B05BB02	5% DEXTROSE 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION	G	Dextrose,H2O - 5g/100ml, Sodium chloride - 0.9g/100ml		Injectable solution	226,388 L.L
B05ZA	CONCENTRATE SOLUTION FOR HEMODIALYSIS R	G	Potassium chloride - K+:1.00 mmol/l, Magnesium chloride - Mg++:0.75 mmol/l, Calcium chloride - Ca++:1.40 mmol/l, Sodium acetate - Cl-:105.8 mmol/l, Sodium chloride - Na+:140.5 mmol/l		Injectable solution	L.L
C08CA01	AMLOCARD 10	G	Amlodipine (besylate) - 10mg	10mg	Tablet	870,298 L.L
C09DB07	CORONOPINE	G	Candesartan cilexetil - 16mg, Amlodipine - 5mg		Capsule, hard	1,638,144 L.L
J01DH02	AROPEM	G	Meropenem - 0.5g	0.5g	Injectable powder for solution	995,723 L.L
J05AB11	VALCYK BENTA	G	Valaciclovir - 500mg	500mg	Tablet, film coated	945,809 L.L