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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A02BC01 OMEZOL BENTA G Omeprazole - 20mg 20mg Capsule 550,336 L.L
A07EA06 ENTOCORT CIR G Budesonide - 3mg 3mg Capsule, hard, modified release 7,823,588 L.L
A10BK01 DIVINUS G Dapagliflozin propanediol - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 2,145,848 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 208,002 L.L
C03CA01 FURESIX 40 G Furosemide - 40mg 40mg Tablet 166,381 L.L
C09CA03 ANGINET G Valsartan - 80mg 80mg Tablet, film coated 387,027 L.L
C10AA05 TOVAST G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,127,484 L.L
D07CC01 ZETA-CORT G Fusidic acid - 20mg/g, Betamethasone (valerate) - 1mg/g Cream 244,579 L.L
G04BE08 DURALIS G Tadalafil - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,204,979 L.L
J01CR02 KLAVOX G Amoxicillin (trihydrate) - 875mg, Clavulanic Acid (potassium) - 125mg 1g Tablet, film coated 338,648 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROMAX G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 392,402 L.L
L01EF01 PAPILLIO G Palbociclib - 100mg 100mg Capsule, hard 147,883,080 L.L
M01AE01 ? IBUPROFEN G Ibuprofen - 400mg/100ml 400mg/100ml Injectable solution 383,955 L.L
N03AX16 GABRIKA 100 G Pregabalin - 100mg 100mg Capsule 798,626 L.L
R06AX13 LORADAD G Loratadine - 10mg 10mg Tablet 131,697 L.L
L02BX03 ABREMIA G Abiraterone acetate - 250mg 250mg Tablet L.L
A02BC01 OMEZOL BENTA G Omeprazole - 20mg 20mg Capsule 317,403 L.L
A07EA06 ENTOCORT CIR G Budesonide - 3mg 3mg Capsule, hard, modified release 4,771,985 L.L
B05CX01 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP G Glucose - 5% 5% Injectable solution 224,090 L.L
C03CA01 FUROSETIC G Furosemide - 40mg 40mg Tablet, scored 121,586 L.L
C09CA03 ARBITEN 80 G Valsartan - 80mg 80mg Tablet 387,027 L.L
C10AA05 TULIP G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 1,263,212 L.L
D07CC01 BETASONE-N G Neomycin (sulfate) - 3.5mg/g, Betamethasone (valerate) - 1mg/g Cream 398,033 L.L
G04BE08 DURALIS G Tadalafil - 20mg 20mg Tablet, film coated 624,567 L.L
J01CR02 MEDIMOX-CV G Amoxicillin - 875mg, Clavulanic Acid - 125mg Tablet 430,030 L.L
J01MA02 CIPROMID G Ciprofloxacine (HCl) - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 331,929 L.L
J07AL02 PNEUMOSIL (10-VALENT) G Pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (adsorbed) - Injectable suspension 3,386,483 L.L
N03AX16 PREGAFORTE 100 G Pregabalin - 100mg 100mg Capsule 998,283 L.L
R06AX13 LORATIN G Loratadine (micronised) - 10mg 10mg Tablet 247,267 L.L
L01EA02 DASATINIB NEAPOLIS G Dasatinib - 70mg 70mg Tablet, film coated L.L
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