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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
A10BH05 TRAJENTA B Linagliptin - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 3,213,127 L.L
L04AA29 TRIJAN G Tofacitinib - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 54,863,315 L.L
C09CA03 TABUVAN G Valsartan - 160mg 160mg Tablet, film coated 544,256 L.L
G04BE08 TADALAGEN G Tadalafil - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 1,766,193 L.L
L04AA29 TRIJAN G Tofacitinib - 10mg 10mg Tablet, film coated 84,793,962 L.L
G04BE08 TADILAS G Tadalafil - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 1,583,046 L.L
G04BE08 TALYS G Tadalafil - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 1,574,216 L.L
G04BE08 TYRA G Tadalafil - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 3,566,558 L.L
C10AA05 TARDELIP G Atorvastatin - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 1,055,876 L.L
C10AA05 TARDEN G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 1,055,876 L.L
C10AA05 TORVALIP 40 G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 1,164,664 L.L
C10AA05 TOVAST G Atorvastatin (calcium) - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 2,412,197 L.L
J01MA12 TAVAQUIN 500MG G Levofloxacin - 500mg 500mg Tablet, film coated 787,492 L.L
C10AA05 TARDELIP G Atorvastatin - 80mg 80mg Tablet, film coated 1,055,876 L.L
J01MA12 TAVAQUIN G Levofloxacin (hemihydrate) - 750mg 750mg Tablet, film coated 1,389,533 L.L
C05CX TANAKAN B Ginkgo biloba - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 600,698 L.L
C05CX TANAKAN B Ginkgo biloba - 40mg 40mg Tablet, film coated 1,662,333 L.L
C07AB03 TENORMIN B Atenolol - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 393,746 L.L
C07AB03 TENORMIN B Atenolol - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 279,519 L.L
A11DB TRILAGAVIT G Vitamin B12 - 1mg, Vitamin B6 - 100mg, Vitamin B1 - 200mg Tablet, film coated 399,121 L.L
C07BB03 TENORETIC B Chlortalidone - 25mg, Atenolol - 100mg Tablet, film coated 291,614 L.L
N03AX11 TOPAMAX 25 B Topiramate - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 858,715 L.L
N03AX11 TOPIRATE 25 BENTA G Topiramate - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 671,921 L.L
N03AX11 TORAMAT G Topiramate - 25mg 25mg Tablet, film coated 522,755 L.L
N03AX11 TOPAMAX B Topiramate - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 1,914,976 L.L
N03AX11 TOPIRAMATE ARROW G Topiramate - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 765,990 L.L
N03AX11 TOPIRATE 50 BENTA G Topiramate - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 1,407,835 L.L
N03AX11 TORAMAT G Topiramate - 50mg 50mg Tablet, film coated 1,032,071 L.L
H03BB02 THYROZOL B Methimazole (Thiamazole) - 5mg 5mg Tablet, film coated 233,829 L.L
N03AX11 TOPAMAX B Topiramate - 100mg 100mg Tablet, film coated 3,471,145 L.L
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