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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
J05AR12 TELADINE G Lamivudine - 300mg, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate - 300mg Tablet 17,454,739 L.L
C09AA03 TENSIKEY G Lisinopril - 5mg 5mg Tablet 456,906 L.L
C09AA03 TENSIKEY G Lisinopril - 20mg 20mg Tablet 460,938 L.L
C09AA05 TRITACE B Ramipril - 2.5mg 2.5mg Tablet 263,393 L.L
C09AA05 TRITACE B Ramipril - 5mg 5mg Tablet 509,316 L.L
C09AA05 TRITACE B Ramipril - 10mg 10mg Tablet 689,391 L.L
C09BA03 TENSIKEY COMPLEX G Lisinopril - 20mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 536,193 L.L
G04BE03 TOURNES G Sildenafil - 50mg 50mg Tablet 956,386 L.L
C09BA05 TRILTEC PLUS G Ramipril - 10mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 2,243,577 L.L
C09BA05 TRILTEC PLUS G Ramipril - 5mg, Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5mg Tablet 2,189,823 L.L
G04BE03 TOURNES G Sildenafil - 100mg 100mg Tablet 1,531,656 L.L
R05DB13 TUSSIN G Butamirate citrate - 7.5mg/5ml 7.5mg/5ml Syrup, sugar free 296,925 L.L
R05DB13 TUSSIN G Butamirate citrate - 7.5mg/5ml 7.5mg/5ml Syrup, sugar free 154,862 L.L
R05CA12 TOUCALM G Dried Ivy leaf extract - 0.7g/100ml 0.7g/100ml Syrup 300,765 L.L
R06AD08 TOPLEXIL B Oxomemazine HCl - 0.33mg/ml 0.33mg/ml Syrup 615,480 L.L
N03AF01 TEGRETOL B Carbamazepine - 2% 2% Suspension 456,906 L.L
N02BE01 TYLENOL B Paracetamol - 100mg 100mg Suppository 190,826 L.L
N02BE01 TYLENOL B Paracetamol - 200mg 200mg Suppository 235,172 L.L
N02BE01 TYLENOL B Paracetamol - 350mg 350mg Suppository 239,204 L.L
R05FA02 TUSCALMAN A B Noscapine HCl - 5mg, Guaifenesin - 25mg Suppository 601,157 L.L
R05FA02 TUSCALMAN B B Noscapine HCl - 10mg, Guaifenesin - 50mg Suppository 592,528 L.L
R01AD08 TICANASE G Fluticasone propionate - 50mcg/actuation 12g/Bottle Spray, suspension 405,840 L.L
R01AB06 TRIOFAN B Xylometazoline HCl - 0.5mg/ml, Carbocysteine - 5mg/ml Spray, solution 608,761 L.L
R01AB06 TRIOFAN B Xylometazoline HCl - 1mg/ml, Carbocysteine - 10mg/ml Spray, solution 646,388 L.L
R01AD09 TABUNEX G Mometasone furoate - 0.05% 0.05% Spray 419,279 L.L
D10AD01 TRETINOIN G Tretinoin - 0.05% 0.05% Solution 623,287 L.L
D10AD01 TRETINOIN G Tretinoin - 0.025% 0.025% Solution 564,414 L.L
D10AD01 TRETINOIN G Tretinoin - 0.1% 0.1% Solution 682,160 L.L
B03AE10 TOT'HEMA B Copper (gluconate) - 0.70mg/10ml, Manganese (gluconate) - 1.33mg/10ml, Iron (gluconate) - 50mg/10ml Solution 604,729 L.L
D01AE15 TERAFAN G Terbinafine HCl - 1% 1% Solution 355,798 L.L
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