Meningitis

Generalities
Agent	There are several agents causing meningitis. 1) Main Bacteria: - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y. - Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection. - Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes. - Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups) - Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped - Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis… 2) Virus: - Mumps - Measles - West Nile virus: a Flavivirus - Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3) - Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae - Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus - Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus - Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group -Other virus: arboviruses… 3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period	varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility	varies with the agent
Reservoir	varies with the agent
Modes of transmission	varies with the agent
Clinical presentation	varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition	- MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis - MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis - MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b - MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms	- Meningitis reporting form - Meningitis investigation form
Data	- Weekly report

ATC	Name	B/G	Ingredients	Dosage	Form	Price
D11AH01	TACRUS	G	Tacrolimus monohydrate - 0.1%	0.1%	Ointment	1,857,190 L.L
D11AH02	ELIDEL	B	Pimecrolimus - 10mg/g	1%	Cream	1,780,591 L.L
D11AH05	DUPIXENT	BioTech	Dupilumab - 300mg	300mg	Injectable solution	123,001,362 L.L
D11AH05	DUPIXENT	BioTech	Dupilumab - 300mg	300mg	Injectable solution	123,001,362 L.L
D11AH05	DUPIXENT	BioTech	Dupilumab - 200mg	200mg	Injectable solution	123,001,362 L.L
D11AH05	DUPIXENT	BioTech	Dupilumab - 200mg	200mg	Injectable solution	123,001,362 L.L
D11AX	TRIO-2000	G	Hydroquinone - 4%, Tretinoin - 0.05%, Hydrocortisone acetate - 1%		Ointment	2,495,068 L.L
D11AX01	ALOPEXY	G	Minoxidil - 20mg/ml	2%	Solution	532,162 L.L
D11AX01	MINOXIDIL BAILLEUL	G	Minoxidil - 2%	2%	Solution	2,839,539 L.L
D11AX01	ALOPEXY	G	Minoxidil - 50mg/ml	5%	Solution	896,343 L.L
D11AX01	MINOXIDIL BAILLEUL	G	Minoxidil - 5%	5%	Solution	3,675,409 L.L
D11AX01	HAIRGROW	G	Minoxidil - 5%	5%	Solution	1,061,636 L.L
D11AX01	HAIRGAINE 5	G	Minoxidil - 5%	5%	Solution	1,963,354 L.L
D11AX01	ALOPEXY	G	Minoxidil - 5%	5%	Solution	896,343 L.L
D11AX01	REGAINE FOAM FOR MEN	B	Minoxidil - 5%		Foam	1,370,719 L.L
D11AX01	REGAINE FOAM FOR MEN	B	Minoxidil - 5%		Foam	3,090,838 L.L
D11AX11	AVOQUIN	G	Hydroquinone - 4%	4%	Cream	916,501 L.L
D11AX16	FLOREXA	G	Eflornithine (HCl) - 11.5%	11.5%	Cream	3,527,587 L.L
D11AX18	ALMIRAL	G	Diclofenac sodium - 1% w/w	1% w/w	Gel	396,434 L.L
D11AX18	LABDIC RELIEF	G	Diclofenac sodium - 1%w/w, Methyl salicylate - 8%w/w, Menthol - 2%w/w		Gel	263,393 L.L
D11AX18	DILO	G	Diclofenac sodium - 8%	8%	Spray	502,981 L.L
D11AX22	SOOLANTRA	B	Ivermectin - 10mg/g	10mg/g	Cream	2,154,180 L.L
D11AX22	SOOLANTRA	B	Ivermectin - 10mg/g	10mg/g	Cream	1,053,573 L.L
G01AA10	CLINDAMYCIN	G	Clindamycin - 100mg	100mg	Ovule	712,876 L.L
G01AA51	POLYGYNAX	B	Nystatin - 100.000IU, Polymixin B sulfate - 35.000IU, Neomycin sulfate - 35.000IU		Capsule, vaginal	407,184 L.L
G01AA51	TERGYNAN	G	Nystatin - 100000IU, Neomycin (sulfate) - 65000IU, Metronidazole - 500mg		Tablet	348,055 L.L
G01AC05	FLUOMIZIN	B	Dequalinium chloride - 10mg	10mg	Tablet	775,397 L.L
G01AF	DERMOFIX GYNO OVULE	G	Sertaconazole nitrate - 300mg	300mg	Ovule	748,806 L.L
G01AF01	FLAGYL	B	Metronidazole - 500mg	500mg	Ovule	249,955 L.L
G01AF02	CANAGYN	G	Clotrimazole - 100mg	100mg	Tablet	229,797 L.L