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Meningitis

Generalities
Agent There are several agents causing meningitis.
1) Main Bacteria:
- Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus): Gram negative diplococci. Main invasive serotypes are A, B, C, W135, X, and Y.
- Haemophilus influenza: Gram negative cocco-bacilli. There are 6 serotypes from (a) to (f). The serotype (b) is responsible of invasive infection.
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus): Gram positive diplococci. There are more than 90 serotypes.
- Leptospira: spirochetes, Leptospira interrogans (26 serogroups)
- Listeria monocytogenes: Gram positive, rod-shapped
- Other bacterial agents: Staphylococcus, enteric bacteria, group B streptococci, Mycobacterium tuberculosis…
2) Virus:
- Mumps
- Measles
- West Nile virus: a Flavivirus
- Enterovirus: including Coxsackieviruses A (2-4, 7, 9-10), Coxsackieviruses B (1-6), Echoviruses (2, 5-7, 9-11, 14, 18, 30), Enterovirus 71, Poliovirus (1-3)
- Herpes Simplex virus (types 1 and 2): family Herpesviridae
- Varicella-Zoster virus: Human (alpha) Herpesvirus 3 (varicella-zoster) from the group Herpesvirus
- Adenovirus: Adenovirus, several types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7), genus Mastadenovirus, family Adenoviridae, - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an Arenavirus
- Sandfly fever viruses: genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They include more than 60 antigenically distinct virus serotypes. Two main groups are identified: a) Sandfly fever group including the Naples serocomplex (Karimabad virus, Arabia virus, Massilia virus, Punique virus, Tehran virus, Toscana virus …) and Sicilian serocomplex; and b) Uukuniemi group
-Other virus: arboviruses…
3) Parasites: - Candida albicans, cryptococcus…
Incubation period varies with the agent
Period of transmissibility varies with the agent
Reservoir varies with the agent
Modes of transmission varies with the agent
Clinical presentation varies with the agent
Resources
Case definition - MOPH circular no. 52 (2007): Meningitis
- MOPH circular no. 63 (2007): Neisseria meningitidis
- MOPH circular no. 54 (2007): Haemophilus influenzae b
- MOPH circular no. 36 (2012): West Nile Virus
Forms - Meningitis reporting form
- Meningitis investigation form
Data - Weekly report
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ATC Name B/G Ingredients Dosage Form Price
D10AD51 ERYLIK G Tretinoin - 0.025%, Erythromycin - 4% Gel 378,964 L.L
D10AD51 RETINOMYCIN G Tretinoin - 0.025%, Erythromycin - 4% Gel 662,962 L.L
D10AD51 CLINIDERM T G Tretinoin - 0.025%, Clindamycin (phosphate) - 1% Gel 801,186 L.L
D10AD51 MEDCLINIDERM-T G Tretinoin - 0.025%, Clindamycin (phosphate) - 1% Gel 801,186 L.L
D10AD51 CLINIDERM T G Tretinoin - 0.05%, Clindamycin (phosphate) - 1% Gel 890,776 L.L
D10AD51 MEDCLINIDERM-T G Tretinoin - 0.05%, Clindamycin (phosphate) - 1% Gel 890,776 L.L
D10AD53 EPIDUO B Adapalene - 0.1%, Benzoyl peroxide - 2.5% Gel 2,088,331 L.L
D10AD53 EPIDUO FORTE B Adapalene - 0.3%, Benzoyl peroxide - 2.5% Gel 2,201,214 L.L
D10AE01 BENZAC AC G Benzoyl peroxide - 10g/100g 10% Gel 416,591 L.L
D10AE01 BENZAC AC G Benzoyl peroxide - 5g/100g 5% Gel 388,370 L.L
D10AF01 MEDACIN T G Clindamycin (phosphate) - 10mg/ml 10mg/ml Solution 314,459 L.L
D10AF01 CLINIDERM G Clindamycin (phosphate) - 1% 1% Gel 712,876 L.L
D10AF02 ERYFLUID B Erythromycin base - 40mg/ml 4% Lotion 486,471 L.L
D10AF02 ERYFLUID B Erythromycin base - 4% 4% Lotion 486,471 L.L
D10AF02 MED-ERYTHROMYCIN 4% G Erythromycin - 40mg/ml 4% Solution 235,492 L.L
D10AF02 ERYTHROMYCIN 1.5 % G Erythromycin - 15mg/ml 1.5 % Solution 501,701 L.L
D10AF02 SPOTEX G Erythromycin - 4% 4% Gel 854,684 L.L
D10AF05 NADIXA G Nadifloxacin - 1% 1% Cream 850,652 L.L
D10AF05 NAXIDERM G Nadifloxacin - 1% 1% Gel 826,783 L.L
D10AF51 DUAC ONCE DAILY B Clindamycin (phosphate) - 1%, Benzoyl peroxide - 5% Gel 1,658,302 L.L
D10AX03 SKINOREN B Azelaic acid - 0.2g/g 0.2g/g Cream 722,987 L.L
D10BA01 CURACNE G Isotretinoin - 10mg 10mg Capsule, soft gelatin 970,254 L.L
D10BA01 CURACNE G Isotretinoin - 10mg 10mg Capsule, soft gelatin 970,254 L.L
D10BA01 A-CNOTREN G Isotretinoin - 20mg 20mg Capsule, soft gelatin 1,468,376 L.L
D10BA01 CONTRACNE ISOTRETINOINE G Isotretinoin - 20mg 20mg Capsule, soft 1,521,230 L.L
D10BA01 CURACNE G Isotretinoin - 20mg 20mg Capsule, soft gelatin 1,603,204 L.L
D10BA01 CURACNE G Isotretinoin - 20mg 20mg Capsule, soft gelatin 1,603,204 L.L
D10BA01 CURACNE G Isotretinoin - 5mg 5mg Capsule, soft gelatin 856,028 L.L
D10BA01 CURACNE G Isotretinoin - 5mg 5mg Capsule, soft gelatin 856,028 L.L
D10BA01 ISOSUPRA LIDOSE G Isotretinoin - 16mg 16mg Capsule, hard 1,826,282 L.L
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